Extreme Machines.

2011 Harley-Davidson XR1200X -Ever since Harley Davidson launched in India,The Indians from all sects of life have fell in love all over with the Twin Beat of these roaring Monsters from America, which Stand's for Freedom part and parcel where ever you may roam!!

2011-05-31T06:29:00.000-07:00

Harley-Davidson is bringing its 2011 XR1200X to the U.S. market. The '09 XR1200 was finally brought over Stateside in '10, and the early release '11 XR1200X follows suit after making its debut in Europe earlier this year.

The highlights begin with Showa's Big Piston Fork (BPF) and nitrogen-charged rear shocks handling suspension duties, both fully adjustable for spring preload, and rebound and compression damping. Carrying over from the XR1200 are dual 292mm full-floating front brake rotors clamped by Nissin calipers, and lightweight three-spoke cast wheels wrapped in OEM-spec Dunlop D209 Qualifier tires. The cast aluminum swingarm designed specifically for the XR series-3.3 pounds lighter than the standard XR steel unit-returns, albeit with a coating of flat black paint. The engine is the same fuel-injected XL Evolution 1203cc V-twin found in the standard XR1200, Harley's first to have oil-cooled cylinder heads.

Interestingly, Harley decided to hold its press launch at Road America, a racetrack known for its fast straights and high-speed turns, to coincide with the new AMA Pro Vance & Hines XR1200 spec class.

On the track, the XR1200X steered remarkably light for a bike weighing 573 pounds wet-the Harley engineers did a fantastic job of disguising that little detail. It's easy to write that off to the wide bars, but with ultra-conservative rake and trail figures of 29.3 degrees/130mm, it's obvious the right balance of steering geometry, suspension, and tires are the real reason for the steering responsiveness. Major direction changes took a little work, but again, far easier than you'd expect for such a heavy bike. Obviously the engine lacked the top-end horsepower to pull hard all the way down Road America's long straights, but its boatloads of low-end torque worked well out of the corners.

Ground clearance was only adequate, with the footpeg feelers quickly and easily hitting the deck with moderate aggression. In order to keep the hard parts off the ground, hanging off like a sidecar monkey was required to maximize the lean angle available. Pushing the pace revealed some chatter from the front fork, especially getting into the heavy braking corners.

One area where the Harley engineers couldn't hide the weight was braking. Unfortunately there is no hiding 573 pounds of mass, and after a few laps of repeatedly slowing the XR1200X from 120mph for Canada Corner, the brakes began to show a lot was being asked of them. Of course, backing off a bit and riding the XR as it was intended to be ridden on the street was actually very fun and rewarding.

It remains to be seen whether the flat-track heritage is enough to make American riders overcome a Harley that doesn't have high bars and forward-set pegs. Another catch with the XR is the price: $11,799 saddles it up next to some heavy competition for the non-Harley-loyalists. The American motorcycle scene is very polarized between sportbikes and cruisers. Europe understands this bike-only time will tell if America does.
2011 H-D XR1200X
MSRP: $11,799
Engine
Type: Air/oil-cooled, pushrod 45-degree V-twin
Displacement: 1203cc (73.4ci)
Bore x stroke: 88.9 x 96.8mm (3.5 x 3.812 in.)
Compression ratio: 10.0:1
Induction: Electronic sequential port fuel injection, single 50mm throttle body, single injector/cyl.

Chassis
Front tire: 120/70ZR-18 Dunlop D209 Sportmax Qualifier
Rear tire: 180/55ZR-17 Dunlop D209 Sportmax Qualifier
Rake/trail: 29.3 deg./5.12 in. (130mm)
Wheelbase: 59.8 in. (1519mm)
Fuel capacity: 3.5 gal. (13L)
Claimed wet weight: 573 lb. (260kg) full fuel tank, ready to ride

Harley Davidson 2011 Line-up.

2011-05-31T02:09:00.000-07:00

Coming in at a dry 545 pounds, the Nightster feels lighter, probably due to its low center of gravity. It is an extremely nimble machine, slicing through traffic and slow-moving parking lots with ease. The rubber-mounted chassis makes a happy home for the fuel-injected 1,200cc Evo XL motor, with vibes apparent only at idle. Once moving, even at 85-mph highway cruising speeds, the black mirrors were actually usable. The new EFI worked flawlessly in temps varying from the 40s to near triple-digits, with the electronic brain taking care of cold-start duties. Turn the key, thumb the electric leg, and get the fun on.

The BMW Z4 GT3: Machined Exxtream!!!!

2011-04-14T03:42:00.000-07:00

The BMW Z4 GT3, which was officially launched and completed its first test drives at the start of March,it is already enjoying great popularity among BMW Motorsport customers. The first cars have been delivered to private BMW teams, who will prepare them for use in various national and international championships.

"The feedback on the BMW Z4 GT3 is extremely positive," says BMW Motorsport Director Mario Theissen. "This sports car rounds off our product range, and offers drivers and teams the opportunity to compete in championships in accordance with the GT3 regulations - such as the FIA GT3 European Championship, the International GT Open or the ADAC GT Masters - as well as at 24-hour endurance races." In addition, the BMW M3 GT2, the BMW 320si WTCC, which complies with Super2000 regulations, and the close-to-production BMW M3 GT4 are also available to customer teams from all over the world at BMW Motorsport Distribution.

The production model of the BMW Z4 is already impressive: with its elongated bonnet, flared wheel arches, long wheel base and narrow projections, the car boasts an unmistakable appearance. The two-seater provided BMW Motorsport engineers with a good basis for developing a close-to-production GT3 racing car.

The largest difference between production and racing car can be found under the bonnet: while the production version of the BMW Z4 is driven by a six-cylinder engine, the GT3 car is powered by a 4.0-litre eight-cylinder engine similar to the unit used in the BMW M3 GT2. This powerful heart produces over 480 bhp. Its excellent performance characteristics and good torque curve make the base engine from the production version of the BMW M3 predestined for use in motorsport.

The fitting of the V8 engine had a considerable influence on the development of the BMW Z4 GT3. Initially, design-space examinations were performed using CATIA V5 design software, in order to place the engine in the ideal position and meet racing specifications. The engineers then added all the other components.

When it comes to electronics, the private teams can look forward to innovative BMW solutions, which have already been tried and tested on the BMW M3 GT2: the modern ECU408 takes over the engine management, while the Power400 electronic control unit is responsible for controlling all the actuators. The power is transmitted through a six-speed, sequential gearbox with "Quick Shift" function.

Rims with central locking and safety clip are also included in delivery. In addition, the BMW Z4 GT3 also offers driver assistance systems such as racing ABS and traction control, which have been adopted from other cars in the customer racing range, and then further developed and modified for use in the GT3 car.

The front axle of the BMW Z4 GT3 is a completely new design, based on a series concept. It is equipped with a tubular stabiliser bar with adjustable blades. The rear axle is designed as a longitudinal link axle, as with the series version of the BMW Z4. The steel body of the car comes from the BMW Plant in Regensburg. A safety cell made of extremely rigid, precision steel tubing is then welded into the body. The engine block of the V8 engine is produced in the BMW foundry in Landshut. The BMW Plant in Dingolfing contributes the rear axle differential and drive shaft, among other things.

During the development, BMW Motorsport engineers worked hand in hand in other areas with their colleagues from series production. This allowed them to access calculations from the field of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) when designing the car's aerodynamics. Furthermore, tests were also carried out in the wind tunnel and on the BMW Group's test benches.

Front and rear wings, bonnet, roof, fender and many other components are made of carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP). Using this lightweight, torsion-resistant material contributed significantly to reducing the weight of the BMW Z4 GT3 to 1,200 kilograms.

As with all cars in the BMW customer racing range, the emphasis was also put on cost-efficiency when developing the BMW Z4 GT3. As a result, the car offers a very good cost/performance ratio and gives private teams the opportunity to participate in affordable motorsport at the highest level.

The BMW Z4 GT3 is available as a racing car at a cost of 298,000 Euros (plus VAT).

BMW X5: Go Overdrive!!!!!

2011-04-08T11:42:00.000-07:00

2011 BMW X5 will write the latest chapter in the story of the world's first Sports Activity Vehicle. Originally launched for the 2000 model year in late 1999, the BMW X5 permanently changed the automotive landscape. It proved that the driving dynamics, responsiveness, and linear control signature to every BMW could be compatible with utility, versatility, and other-roads capability. For 2011, the BMW X5 models are enhanced with new powertrains and updated design. The new BMW X5 will make its North American debut at the New York International Auto Show.

Innovative new design elements and powertrains are the result of over 4,000 new parts created by BMW designers and engineers for the 2011 BMW X5. Two of the X5's powertrains will be all-new for 2011, creating the new BMW X5 xDrive50i and BMW X5 xDrive35i, in addition to the familiar BMW Advanced Diesel X5 xDrive35d. All models receive a design update that enhances the brilliant focus and aesthetic appearance of the X5 brand.

Fresh Design. Well-Balanced Proportions.

The body design of the 2011 BMW X5 is characterized by well-balanced proportions that accentuate the vehicle's powerful presence and agility. A long wheelbase, short front and rear body overhangs, and large light-alloy wheels provide a visual balance between the front and rear of the vehicle. Square-shaped, carefully flared wheel arches hint at the BMW X5's all-wheel drive traction and other-roads capability. The body lines sweep upwards from the front and rear wheels, communicating BMW's near-perfect 50-50 front-rear weight distribution which is so essential to the BMW X5's legendary driving dynamic.

The sides of the BMW X5 are elegantly stretched though the strong horizontal lines of each side. The surface of the hood flows seamlessly into the waiseline, while the prominent, gently inclined contour line at the door handle level extends from the front wheel arches to the rear of the vehicle. These character lines symbolize power, stability, and presence.

With its distinctively contoured hood, large BMW kidney grille and dual round headlights, the new BMW X5 boasts an expressive front end that symbolizes power and presence. The newest interpretation of the BMW X5's look is led by the redesign of the front fascia and position of the standard foglamps. Due to an increase in the number of elements painted body color, the front end gives the impression of being lower. At the same time, the increased size of both the central and outer air intakes hint at the boosted engine output. The black trim at the bottom edge of the body is now considerably narrower. A matte-finished silver protection plate extends across the entire width of the central air intake, emphasizing the muscular features of the SAV, and accentuates the new BMW X5's character.

The dual round Xenon Adaptive headlights and foglamps are now situated higher and closer to the kidney grille. The BMW X5's new headlight fixtures emphasize high quality and sporting intentions. BMW's signature corona rings serve as position lights and daytime driving lights.

The newly conceived rear apron matches the graphic structure of the front end, while the intricately designed surrounds of the dual exhaust pipes are painted in body color to underline the BMW X5's premium character. In the center, a matte-finished silver protection element emphasizes strength and durability suitable for other-roads use.

Above the rear bumper, the rear of the new X5 is divided by parallel horizontal lines. The result is an accentuation of the width, highlighting the vehicle's athletic capabilities. The L-shaped taillight fixtures, each with two LED light banks, create the BMW-signature nighttime appearance of the rear end.

A choice of new body colors provides further visual enhancements. The metallic colors Deep Sea Blue, Platinum Grey, and Sparkling Bronze are now available for the BMW X5. Inside, the available Nevada Leather can be chosen in stunning new Oyster or Cinnamon Brown colors in addition to the familiar Sand Beige, and Black, and matte Satin Silver interior trim strips are added if the owner does not select from the available Brushed Aluminum, Dark Bamboo, Light Poplar, or Burl Walnut wood trims.

BMW X5 xDrive50i: BMW's Twin-Turbocharged V-8.

The new BMW X5 xDrive50i takes its place as the flagship of the X5 family, yielding 400 horsepower at 5,500 rpm and 450 lb-ft of torque at 1,750 - 4,500 rpm from its twin-turbocharged 4.4 liter V-8 engine. Introduced in the BMW X6 in Spring of 2008, this all-aluminum V-8 features High Precision direct fuel injection, "reverse-flow" architecture for revolutionary responsiveness and packaging, and BMW' s VANOS variable valve timing technology. Together, these features create what may be the perfect balance between high fuel efficiency, low emissions, and the dominant, dynamic performance expected of a BMW V-8. The 0-60 mph sprint is accomplished in 5.3 seconds.

BMW X5 xDrive50i starts at $59,275 including Destination & Handling.

As part of the V-8 engine's reverse-flow architecture, the twin turbochargers are situated in the valley of the engine's "V" and exhale separately into two catalytic converters which are located on top of the engine and exit aftward into the large stainless-steel exhaust system via downpipes on either side of the new 8-speed automatic transmission. The exhaust streams remain separated until they meet in the large muffler at the rear of the vehicle and exit through two large, trapezoidal exhaust tips.

BMW X5 xDrive35i: BMW's Turbocharged Inline-6 with Valvetronic.

BMW X5 xDrive 35i receives a brand new inline-6 gasoline engine, internally dubbed "N55." The new engine features the same 3.0-liter displacement and 300 horsepower output of its predecessor (the "N54"), but features a single twin-scroll turbocharger in place of the previous twin, low-mass turbocharger units. Furthermore, the new inline-6 of the BMW X5 xDrive35i is the first BMW inline-6 to combine BMW's revolutionary Valvetronic throttle-less intake technology, High Precision direct fuel injection, and turbocharging. The result of combining this new inline-6 with the new 8-speed automatic is an BMW X5 with incredibly spontaneous responsiveness, exceptional power, and remarkable efficiency. The new BMW X5 xDrive35i will perform the 0-60mph sprint in 6.4 seconds, coincidentally on the same pace as the outgoing V-8 powered BMW X5 xDrive48i.

For the 2011 model year, BMW has made the X5 xDrive35i available in two additional trim levels: "Premium" and "Sports Activity."

The essential BMW X5 xDrive35i has an MSRP of $46,675 including Destination & Handling, and includes a popular profile of standard equipment often specified by BMW X5 customers, including BMW's Xenon Adaptive headlights, Rain Sensor with automatic headlight control, HD Radio, automatic climate control, foglights, 18" light alloy wheels, cruise control, and anti-theft alarm system. A Convenience Package is optional and adds the large panoramic moonroof, auto-dimming mirrors, Dark Burl Walnut, Bamboo, or Light Poplar wood interior trim, BMW Ambiance Lighting, and BMW Assist with Bluetooth. Stand alone options include rear side window shades, Navigation system with Real Time Traffic Information and Voice Command, satellite radio with 1-year subscription, and an iPod / USB adapter interface.

The BMW X5 xDrive35i Premium has an MSRP of $52,475 including Destination & Handling and includes a boosted profile of standard equipment, such as 19" light alloy wheels, roof rails and panoramic moonroof, power adjustable steering column, iPod / USB adapter interface, and privacy glass. Best of all, it includes standard Nevada Leather. In addition, buyers of the Premium model may choose up to four packages, including the Active Ventilated Seat Package, Convenience Package, Cold Weather Package, and Technology Package. Each package includes a raft of focused features that enhance comfort and convenience, allowing buyers to better customize the BMW X5 to personal taste. Third Row seating, which enables the BMW X5 to accommodate up to 7 passengers, also becomes available on this model.

The BMW X5 xDrive35i Sport Activity has an MSRP of $54,975 including Destination & Handling and includes even more standard equipment than the Premium model, such as 20" light alloy wheels, sport seats, Shadowline exterior trim, and Anthracite headliner. In addition to the packages available on the Premium model, customers may add the popular M Sport Package to the BMW X5 xDrive35i Sport Activity model. The M Sport Package includes 20" wheels with performance tires, the Adaptive Drive system, aluminum roof rails, M door sill plates, M driver footrest, M steering wheel, M aerodynamic enhancements, and increased top speed limiter (150 mph).

New 8-speed Automatic Transmission with Steptronic.

On both new gasoline models of the BMW X5, sending the newfound power to the standard xDrive intelligent all-wheel drive system is BMW's new 8-speed automatic transmission with Steptronic control. The new 8-speed transmission is standard in the BMW X5 xDrive50i and X5 xDrive35i, and raises the industry standard for compactness, efficiency, and gear selection. The new transmission weighs no more than its 6-speed predecessor, yet offers closer ratios in the lower gears for improved acceleration and two additional "tall" gears for relaxed, efficient cruising. BMW's 8-speed automatic was introduced on the 5-Series Gran Turismo and 760Li Sedan in the fall of 2009.

Using the console-mounted e-shifter, the BMW X5 driver chooses from three shifting programs: Drive, Drive Sport, and Manual. In Manual mode, the driver selects from the eight forward gear ratios via the + / - action of the shifter (push forward to downshift; pull back to upshift). At any speed, Neutral is easily selected via a forward push of the selector from Drive and, when at a standstill, Park is selected by depressing the "P" button atop the shifter, or by pushing the Engine Start-Stop button (doing so will also stop the engine).

BMW's Brake Energy Regeneration system is also fitted to the gasoline X5 models. It incorporates a special deep-cycle Glass Mat battery with programmed alternator disengagement so that, most of the time, the vehicle's battery is only charged while the vehicle is coasting or braking. Over time, the Brake Energy Regeneration system can save 1-2% on fuel consumption. Brake Energy Regeneration is another feature in BMW's EfficientDynamics portfolio of small features and adjustments which have a cumulative effect on the efficiency-performance balance of each BMW vehicle.

BMW X5 xDrive35d: Maintaining the Benchmark with BMW Advanced Diesel Technology.

The BMW Advanced Diesel X5 xDrive35d was introduced to the United States as a 2009 model, and despite increased competition remains the fastest, most fuel efficient diesel-powered vehicle in its class. The huge torque output of 425 lb-ft. at 1750-2250 rpm speaks for itself; BMW X5 xDrive35d drivers will marvel at this engine's robust response at low to medium speeds. The peak power output of 265 hp also makes an impact, as does the resulting 0-60-mph time of 6.9 seconds. It returns EPA mileage estimates of 19 mpg city and 26 highway.

For the 2011 model, BMW has made no changes to the award-winning BMW Advanced Diesel powertrain, but rather has focused efforts to ensure the BMW X5 xDrive35d benefits from the latest design updates to the X5 family. Despite the enhancements for the new model year, MSRP for this model remains $52,175 including Destination & Handling.

BMW Advanced Diesel with BluePerformance optimizes emission management by incorporating an oxidation catalyst placed close to the engine, a diesel particulate filter housed in the same unit, and an SCR catalyst with urea injection. Apart from filtering out even the smallest particles from the flow of exhaust gases, this combination ensures effective reduction of nitric oxides (NOX) by way of a chemical reaction within the exhaust system initiated by the injection of a small dose of urea referred to as Diesel Exhaust Fluid. Into the exhaust stream. The ammonia (NH3) generated in this process within the SCR catalyst subsequently converts the nitric oxides (NO and, respectively, NO2) in the exhaust gas into environmentally compatible nitrogen (N2) and water vapor (H2O).

BMW has developed a two-tank system for DEF ensuring convenient use of this new technology with all the benefits and ease required by the customer: The amount of DEF required in each case is drawn from the active tank comprising approximately 1.6 gallons by means of a dosage pump. And since the urea solution would freeze at a temperature of 12.2o F (-11oC), this active tank, as well as the dosage pipes are heated.

Lamborghini Aventador LP700-4: The Raging BUll.

2011-03-20T11:06:00.000-07:00

The technology package of the Lamborghini Aventador LP700-4 is utterly unique.With the Lamborghini Aventador LP700-4, Automobili Lamborghini is redefining the very pinnacle of the world super sports car market - brutal power, outstanding lightweight engineering and phenomenal handling precision are combined with peerless design and the very finest equipment to deliver an unparalleled driving experience. With the Aventador, Lamborghini is taking a big step into the future - and building on the glorious history of the brand with the next automotive legend. The first customers will take delivery of the new Lamborghini Aventador LP700-4 in late summer 2011.

It is based on an innovative monocoque made from carbon-fiber that combines exceptional lightweight engineering with the highest levels of stiffness and safety. The new twelve-cylinder with 6.5 liters' displacement and 515 kW / 700 hp brings together the ultimate in high-revving pleasure with astonishing low-end torque. Thanks to a dry weight of only 1,575 kilograms (3,472 lb), which is extremely low for this class of vehicle, the weight-to-power ratio stands at only 2.25 kilograms per hp (4.96 lb/hp). Even the fantastic 0-100 km/h (0-62 mph) acceleration figure of just 2.9 seconds and the top speed of 350 km/h (217 mph) do not fully describe the Aventador's extreme performance. And yet, fuel consumption and CO2 emissions are down by around 20 percent compared with its predecessor, despite the considerable increase in power (+8%).

The ISR transmission is unique among road-going vehicles, guaranteeing the fastest shifting time (only 50 milliseconds) and a highly emotional shift feel, while the lightweight chassis with pushrod suspension delivers absolute handling precision and competition-level performance. The expressively-designed interior offers hi-tech features ranging from the TFT cockpit display with Drive Select Mode system. The Aventador will be built to the very highest quality standards in an all-new production facility in Sant'Agata Bolognese.

"With the Aventador LP700-4, the future of the super sports car is now part of the present. Its exceptional package of innovative technologies is unique, its performance simply overwhelming," says Stephan Winkelmann, President and CEO of Automobili Lamborghini. "The Aventador is a jump of two generations in terms of design and technology, it's the result of an entirely new project, but at the same time it's a direct and consistent continuation of Lamborghini's brand values. It is extreme in its design and its performance, uncompromising in its standards and technology, and unmistakably Italian in its style and perfection. Overall, the dynamics and technical excellence of the Lamborghini Aventador LP700-4 makes it unrivalled in the worldwide super sports car arena."

Aventador: the name of one of the most courageous of all bulls.

According to its tradition, Lamborghini's new flagship bears the name of a bull - naturally, a particularly courageous specimen from the world of the Spanish Corrida. Aventador was the name of a bull that entered into battle in October 1993 at the Saragossa Arena, earning the "Trofeo de la Peña La Madroñera" for its outstanding courage.

A sculpture of extreme dynamics.

For Lamborghini, design is always the beauty of aggressive power, the elegance of breathtaking dynamics. From the very first glance, the new Aventador is unmistakably a Lamborghini, clothed in the brand's characteristic and distinctive design language - with its extremely powerful proportions, its exact lines and precise surfaces, and with taut muscularity in every one of its details. The designers in the Centro Stile Lamborghini have carefully developed this design language to give the Lamborghini Aventador a significant new edge. It is an avantgarde work of art, an incredibly dynamic sculpture, from the sharply honed front end through the extremely low roofline to the distinctive rear diffuser. Every line has a clear function, every form is dictated by its need for speed, yet the overall look is nothing less than spectacular and breathtaking.

The doors open upward - of course.

Truly impressive proportions come from an overall length of 4,78 meters (188.19 in.) matched with an impressive width of 2,26 meters (88.98 in.) including the exterior mirrors, and further accentuated by an extremely low height of just 1.136 mm (44.72 in.). It goes without saying that both doors of the carbon-fiber monocoque open upward - a feature that was first introduced in the now legendary Countach and then used for subsequent V12 models such as Diablo and Murciélago. However, the Aventador also evokes its immediate predecessor the Murciélago - electronically managed air intakes open depending on the outdoor temperature and the need for cooling air,ensuring maximum aerodynamic efficiency. And for those whishing to flaunt the heart of their Lamborghini, the optional transparent engine bonnet exhibits the twelve-cylinder engine like a technical work of art in a display case.

Exclusive and high-tech interior.

The Aventador's spacious interior combines the fine exclusivity of premium materials and perfect Italian craftsmanship with state-of-the-art technology and generous equipment. The red switch cover on the broad center tunnel encloses the start button used to awaken the twelve-cylinder. The interior is dominated by a next-generation dashboard - as in a modern airplane, the instruments are presented on a TFT-LCD screen using innovative display concepts. A second screen is dedicated to the standard-fit multimedia and navigation system.

Carbon-fiber monocoque.

The new Lamborghini flagship has a full monocoque. The entire occupant cell, with tub and roof, is one single physical component. This ensures extreme rigidity and thus outstanding driving precision, as well as an extremely high level of passive safety for the driver and his passenger. The entire monocoque weighs only 147.5 kilograms (325.18 lb).

The monocoque, together with the front and rear Aluminium frames, features an impressive combination of extreme torsional stiffness of 35,000 Newton meters per degree and weighs only 229.5 kilograms (505.9 lb).

Maximum revs, amazing sound.

For the Lamborghini Aventador LP700-4, the engineers in Lamborghini's R&D Department have developed a completely new high-performance power unit - an extremely powerful and high-revving, but very compact power unit. At 235 kilograms (518 lb), it is also extremely lightweight. A V12 with 515 kW (700 hp) at 8,250 rpm sets a whole new benchmark, even in the world of super sports cars. The maximum torque output is 690 Newton meters (509 lb-ft) at 5,500 rpm. The extremely well-rounded torque curve, the bull-like pulling power in every situation, the spontaneous responsiveness and, last but not least, the finely modulated but always highly emotional acoustics are what make this engine a stunning power plant of the very highest order.

Innovative transmission for maximum performance.

Engineers at Lamborghini have created the perfect mate for the new twelve-cylinder engine with the highly innovative ISR (Independent Shifting Rods) transmission. The development objective was clearly formulated - to build not only the fastest robotized gearbox, but also to create the world's most emotional gear shift. Compared with a dual-clutch transmission, not only is the ISR gearbox much lighter, it also has smaller dimensions than a conventional manual unit - both key elements in the field of lightweight engineering for super sports cars.

Refined and safe with all-wheel drive.

This kind of extreme power must be delivered reliably to the road. The driver of the Lamborghini Aventador LP700-4 can depend fully on its permanent all-wheel drive - indicated by the 4 in the model designation. In the driveline, an electronically controlled Haldex coupling distributes the forces between front and rear. In a matter of milliseconds, this coupling adapts the force distribution to match the dynamic situation. A self-blocking rear differential together with a front differential electronically controlled by ESP make for even more dynamic handling. The Drive Select Mode System enables the driver to choose vehicle characteristics (engine, transmission, differential, steering and dynamic control) from three settings - Strada (road), Sport and Corsa (track) - to suit his individual preferences.

Pushrod suspension.

Lamborghini has equipped its new V12 super sports car with an innovative and highly sophisticated suspension concept. The pushrod spring and damper concept was inspired by Formula 1 and tuned perfectly to meet the needs of a high-performance road-going vehicle. Together with aluminum double wishbone suspension and a carbon-fiber ceramic brake system, this lightweight chassis represents a further aspect of the new flagship's unique technology concept.

Extensive assistance and safety systems.

In the hands of its driver, the Lamborghini Aventador LP700-4 is a high-precision machine - spontaneous, direct and always reliable. The driver is also assisted by the latest electronic systems such as the incredibly sporty, adjustable ESP system. When it comes to passive safety, front, head-thorax and knee airbags play their part alongside the extremely stiff carbon-fiber cell.

A rich and wide-ranging individualization program.

A Lamborghini should always fit perfectly with the style and preferences of its owner. To this end, the range of individualization options is virtually inexhaustible. There is a selection of 13 production paint colors to choose from, three of which are highly sophisticated matt tones. A choice of two-tone interiors are offered with the "Sportivo" and "Elegante" versions, while a premium audio system and reversing camera are among the many technology options. And of course, the "Ad Personam" individualization program knows no limits when it comes to colors and materials.

The Design.

Every Lamborghini is an avantgarde work of art, a fast-moving technical sculpture. Every line, every detail of a super sports car from Sant'Agata is derived from its function - namely speed, dynamics, performance. Every Lamborghini is a purist's dream, reduced to its very essence.

With the new Aventador LP700-4, the designers at the Centro Stile Lamborghini in Sant'Agata Bolognese have taken this committed philosophy to a whole new level - its extreme, razor-sharp lines portray a precision that is without parallel in automotive design. And its clean, taut and expertly executed surfaces demonstrate the exceptional competence and depth of experience possessed by Lamborghini in carbon-fiber body shell design.

The surface of the roof has a new geometry that provides greater spaciousness for the passengers while at the same time giving relief to the lines of the front section. This also addresses the aim of obtaining a better aerodynamic coefficient, continuing Lamborghini's design philosophy of 'form follows function'.

The engine cover utilizes the same styling giving continuity to the concept.

Inspiration from aeronautics.

For the further development of the Lamborghini design language, designers pulled their inspiration from another sphere dominated by speed and dynamics - from modern aeronautics, from the world's fastest and most agile aircraft. This gave rise to a design of maximum functionality and spectacular sharpness, an extremely precise and highly technical design language with a new kind of vitality. Powerfully defined lines and taut surfaces create a fascinating interplay of light and shade, endowing the car with tremendous visual movement. The limited edition Reventón - a work of automotive art - and the Sesto Elemento 'technology demonstrator' were forerunners of this philosophy: the Aventador is the first Lamborghini series production car embodying this vision.

The Aventador, of course, also follows the mid-engine concept, with the vehicle weight concentrated around the vertical axis to reduce inertia and optimize dynamics. With the legendary Countach, Lamborghini was a pioneer of mid-engine construction, its revolutionary concept bringing racing technology to the road. The design of the Lamborghini Aventador adds visual emphasis to the mid-engine layout, with a look that concentrates its power on the rear axle.

Aerodynamic efficiency is crucial.

For such an extremely powerful automobile, the most crucial task of the body shell design is aerodynamic efficiency: the optimum airflow for absolute stability at all speeds and, at the same time, optimum cooling for the engine. On the Aventador, all aerodynamic elements are integrated into the body shell form, from the front spoiler to the rear diffuser. A key role is played by the flat, optimized underbody. The rear spoiler is deployable and controlled electronically. At rest, it lies flush with the rear of the vehicle; in operation, it has two positions - the approach angle of 4 degrees is optimized for high speed and assists directional stability at the very top end of the spectrum. The tilt of 11 degrees, on the other hand, delivers considerably greater downforce at mid-range speeds, helping to optimize handling and stability. The car uses dynamic parameters to calculate for itself the most appropriate tilt angle.

Impressive proportions, mighty air intakes.

The first striking impression of the Lamborghini Aventador focuses on its proportions. At a length of 4.78 meters (188.19 in.), it is a truly impressive 2.26 meters (88.98 in.) wide including exterior mirrors, but only 1,136 meters (44.72 in.) high. The impression of width is further emphasized by the widely spaced air intakes and headlamp units.

The Aventador's incredibly low front takes on a distinct arrow form, with the Lamborghini bull insignia gracing both the point and the center line, which continues its path along the entire length of the vehicle. The air guides are powerfully profiled and further emphasized by their glossy, black frames. The bi-xenon headlamps are clustered with the LED units for daytime running lights and indicators beneath hexagonal casings. The daytime running light comes from LED light guides that wrap around the main headlamp in a Y form. Seven further LEDs provide the light source for the indicator.

Two strokes define the side line.

The extremely long side view is dominated by the very low roofline and by two sweeping strokes - the first emphasizes the front wheel arch; the second, very sharply drawn line begins at the front wheel arch and runs like a tensed muscle along the entire side of the car and over the rear wheel. The deeply recessed door and the mighty sill bear further testimony to the determined functionality of the Lamborghini design. Ultimately, these forms serve only one purpose - to deliver the maximum volume of cooling air to the mighty V12 power plant. The large air intakes behind the upward-opening doors are also enclosed in black plastic frames and guarded by a fine mesh. The engine air intake is located on the roof pillar, behind the third side window. And when cooling requirements are particularly high, additional air channels open up on the rear wheel arches.

The rear end, too, is dominated by openings framed in black, where the hot air finds its exit. The entire rear end is highly three-dimensional in its design. The lower diffuser stands in powerful relief, while the substantial format of the hexagonal tail pipe symbolizes the concentrated potency of the engine. The rear lights in LED technology reiterate the triple Y motive already familiar from current Lamborghini models.

V12 as an object of technical beauty.

Equally familiar is the transparent engine bonnet (option), which adds a particularly attractive dimension to the many emotional perspectives on the Aventador. The twelve-cylinder power unit, with its mighty black intake manifold, lies in all its technical glory beneath the three cover panels. It is framed by diagonal carbon-fiber struts and accompanied by the powerful dampers from the pushrod suspensions.

The design philosophy continues into the surprisingly roomy interior. The cockpit is upholstered entirely in fine leather and also takes on a subtle arrow form. The controls are logically grouped on the broad center console. Here, too, the inspiration derived from aviation is immediately apparent - as in modern aircraft, the instruments are presented on a TFT-LCD screen. At the center of the display is a large dial - at the touch of a button, the driver can choose whether he would rather see the road speed read-out or the engine speed. Further information ranging from fuel level to the output from the on-board computer is grouped in fields surrounding the large dial.

The operating system.

The most important switch is hidden beneath a red switch cover - the start button, which instantly fires the high-performance engine into life.

A second, seven-inch TFT-LCD screen in the center console belongs to the integrated multimedia system. Beneath it is the familiar array of Lamborghini toggle switches for operating functions such as the electric windows or the front axle lifting system, as well as the controls for the air conditioning.

The Lamborghini Aventador LP700-4 offers a state-of-the-art and comprehensive lineup of electronic vehicle, entertainment and communication systems. These functions are operated in a clear and intuitive manner via the Human-Machine Interface (HMI) on the center console, featuring a large push/turn control and eight function keys.

The carbon-fiber monocoque of the Lamborghini Aventador.

Lamborghini is heading into the future with a systematic lightweight design concept - the intensive application of carbon-fiber materials forms the key foundation for the extreme dynamics of the new Aventador LP700-4. The new flagship is based on a full monocoque construction made with these innovative materials - conceived and produced entirely by Automobili Lamborghini in Sant'Agata Bolognese.

This development sees Lamborghini once again demonstrate its worldwide leading expertise in carbon-fiber technology. The super sports car brand from Sant'Agata Bolognese is the only automaker to have fully mastered the extensive CFRP process across a range of technologies in-house - from 3D design, through simulation, test, production and validation using state-of-the-art industrial processes to the very highest quality standards. With the Aventador, Lamborghini is putting its innovative, in-house developed and patented technologies into series production for the first time.

The cell of the future Lamborghini flagship super sports car is made entirely from carbon fiber and has been designed as a monocoque structure. The load-bearing structure of the vehicle is engineered as a "single shell" that functions physically as one component, thus taking full advantage of the extreme rigidity of CFRP. Formula 1 race cars have been built using CFRP monocoques for many years - and have proven their crash worthiness time and again. The same applies to road-going sports cars featuring monocoque technology - the carbon fiber occupant cell functions like an extremely safe roll cage.

Construction offers many advantages.

Of course, the term "single shell" applies only in the descriptive sense - the new Lamborghini monocoque is made from a series of individual parts with specific functions and technologies, such as stiffening elements made from Braiding technology, that is one of the best technology to manage energy adsorption in case of crash. After the curing process, however, this structure functions as a single component - including the base section known as the tub and the complete roof.

The full monocoque solution offers advantages which other processes, like a tub where a metal roof structure is attached in a conventional manner, cannot realize. That's why Lamborghini made the no compromise choice of the full monocoque, which weighs only 147.5 kilograms (324.5 lbs).

Extremely rigid construction.

Superior passive safety is only one benefit of the extreme rigidity of a full carbon fiber monocoque - very high torsional rigidity is another. The monocoque is connected at the front and rear with equally rigid aluminum sub-frames, on which the suspension, engine and transmission are mounted.

The entire body-in-white of the future V12 model weighs only 229.5 kilograms (505 lbs) and boasts phenomenal torsional rigidity of 35,000 Newton meters per degree of twist. This guarantees a superb feeling of solidity, but, more importantly, extremely exact wheel control with excellent steering precision and sensitive feedback. For the dedicated driver, both are essential for truly enticing driving pleasure. The new Lamborghini flagship responds to the most minute steering input with the stunning precision of a perfectly balanced race car.

Depending on the form, function and requirements of the individual elements, the Lamborghini development team selected from three main CFRP manufacturing methods within its technology tool kit. They differ not only in their production processes, but also in the type of carbon fiber and its weave and, most importantly, in the chemical composition of the synthetic resin used.

Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM): In this process the carbon fiber mats are preformed and impregnated with an exact amount of resin. Afterwards, they are cured under heat while the part is in the mould. Lamborghini has achieved a major breakthrough by further developing this method. Using the patented "RTM-Lambo" process, the final mould is no longer a heavy, complex metal piece, but is made instead from lightweight carbon-fiber parts, thus making the manufacturing process faster, more flexible and more efficient.

An additional benefit of the RTM-Lambo process is the low injection pressure that doesn't require expensive equipment.

Prepreg - The carbon fiber mats used in this method, commonly known as prepreg, are pre-injected by the supplier with a thermosetting liquid resin and must be stored at a low temperature. The mats are then laminated in molds and cured under heat and pressure in an autoclave. Prepreg components are complex to make, but have an extremely high-quality surface finish (Class-A surface quality) and are therefore the preferred option for use in visible locations.

Braiding - These components are manufactured by using RTM technology. This carbon fiber weave technology is derived from the textile industry and used to make tubular components for special applications such as structural roof pillars and rocker panels. The woven components are made by diagonally interweaving the fiber in several layers.

The monocoque of the new V12 super sports car is constructed using these technologies applied in a series of special processes. One significant advancement Lamborghini realized is the ability to use already-assembled monocoque elements as the mould for the next step in the process. This makes for a considerable simplification of the manufacturing process compared with conventional methods.

Epoxy foam components are also used within the monocoque. They are placed in strategic points to increase the stiffness of the monocoque by working as spacers between the composite layers while also dampening noise and vibration. In addition, aluminum inserts are laminated into the front and rear surfaces to facilitate connection with the aluminum front and rear sub-frame elements.

Because of the complexity of the materials and process outlined above, Lamborghini decided to produce its new monocoque completely in-house, managing one strategic step in the production process.

Quality control is an absolutely crucial factor - every single monocoque is measured to exacting tolerances of only 0.1 millimeters, facilitating the extreme precision of the overall vehicle. Quality control starts with the purchase of the carbon fiber parts. Every delivery of carbon fiber is certified and the material is checked regularly for compliance with quality standards. Lamborghini worked together with its suppliers to develop a world-exclusive fiber and resin system for its RTM technology. Ultimately, these materials and processes constitute an important part of Lamborghini's worldwide leading expertise in the field.

Carbon composite materials - A key technology for tomorrow's high-performance automotive engineering

These materials made from CFRP combine the lowest possible weight with excellent material characteristics - they are very light, extremely rigid and exceptionally precise.

Furthermore, CFRP materials can also be formed into highly complex components with integrated functions. This reduces the number of individual parts when compared to traditional metal construction - thus enabling further weight reduction. Lighter cars have lower fuel consumption and fewer CO2 emissions. Most significantly, however, it improves the power-to-weight ratio - the deciding factor in the overall feel and performance of a sports car. A super sports car built using CFRP accelerates faster, has superior handling and better braking.

The new V12 power unit - the heart of the Lamborghini Aventador LP700-4.

The twelve-cylinder is the king of the engine world and the true heart of the Lamborghini brand. The very first model created by Feruccio Lamborghini, the 350 GT, made its appearance in 1964 featuring a twelve-cylinder engine that was incredibly innovative for its day. 3.5 liter displacement and 320 hp were the vital statistics back then - they formed the basis for ongoing increases and further development over the decades that followed. Miura, Espada, Countach, Diablo and, finally, Murciélago are just a few of the super sports cars born in Sant'Agata. All of them were, and will continue to be, driven by V12 engines - and all have long since risen to the status of automotive legend.

Now the next milestone in this glorious history appears - engineers in the Lamborghini R&D Department have developed a completely new high-performance power unit. That it would be another twelve-cylinder was never in doubt - and not only because of the special magic conjured up by the number twelve. The only real choice for Lamborghini is a high-revving naturally aspirated engine - the deeply reflexive and exceptionally powerful reaction of the automobile to the tiniest movement of the driver's right foot is, of course, a key part of the whole fascination inspired by a super sports car. Ten cylinders are ideal in the displacement class around the five liter mark, as evidenced by the highly acclaimed Gallardo engine. For the 6.5 liter displacement targeted in this case, the perfect number is twelve. A lower number of cylinders would result in larger and heavier pistons and con-rods, which would have a negative impact on the engine's high-revving characteristics.

Starting with a clean sheet of paper.

The specification for the development of the new twelve-cylinder, known internally as the L539, was written quickly - yet was highly demanding in its formulation. Naturally, it had to deliver more power and torque than its predecessor in the Murciélago, but it should also be smaller and lighter and enable a lower center of gravity. At the end of the day, low weight is just as important to the performance of a super sports car as high power output. Fuel consumption and gas emissions should also be reduced significantly.

So the R&D team started with a clean sheet of paper - metaphorically speaking, of course. Design and development in Sant'Agata is conducted using state-of-the-art systems and equipment. The outcome is a V12 with a classic cylinder bank angle of 60 degrees, and thus an amazingly compact power package - the power unit measures only 665 millimeters from top to bottom, including the intake system. Its width, including the exhaust manifold, is only 848 millimeters, while its length is a mere 784 millimeters. Its weight of 235 kilograms is also respectably low - each kilogram of engine weight corresponds to 3.0 HP maximum output.

Optimized for high revving and low weight.

The crankcase on the new power plant is made from an aluminum-silicon alloy and has an open-deck construction with steel cylinder liners. Displacement is 6,498 cm3 and cylinder spacing 103.5 millimeters, while bore diameter measures 95 millimeters and stroke 76.4 millimeters. The short-stroke layout is especially good for high-revving characteristics and for low internal friction. Particular attention was also paid to the bearings for the forged and nitride-hardened crankshaft, which weighs in at 24.6 kilograms.

The two four-valve cylinder heads are likewise made from sand-cast aluminum-silicon alloy, each weighing a very light 21 kilograms. The twelve pistons and con-rods are, respectively, in forged alloy and steel. The maximum piston speed at 8,250 rpm is only 21 meters per second, which is considerably less than for the Murciélago's previous power unit. The combustion chambers were carefully engineered to achieve optimum tumble and combustion of the fuel/air mixture. At 11.8:1, the compression ratio is extremely high. Inlet and outlet valve timing is electronically controlled.

Sophisticated thermal management, optimized oil circulation.

The thermal management of this high-performance power unit was perfected with extensive detail engineering. Two switchable water circuits in the engine ensure very rapid warm-up, which minimizes friction and quickly brings the catalytic converters up to operating temperature, thus benefiting fuel consumption and emissions. The external water coolers are switched into the circuit only as required.

Absolute engine health, even under extreme racetrack conditions with high lateral acceleration, is guaranteed by oil circulation using a dry sump system. A total of eight scavenger pumps suck oil out of the lower bedplate fastened to the crankcase. Pressure and scavenging losses are thus reduced by around 50 percent. A high-pressure oil pump maintains lubrication, while an oil/water cooler and an oil/air radiator constantly keep temperatures within range even under extremely high load. A further benefit of this form of dry sump lubrication is the very low mounting position of the engine within the sports car. The new engine is mounted 60 millimeters lower than the V12 in the Murciélago - with the associated benefits in respect of center of gravity and lateral dynamics.

From the outside, the V12 is dominated by its intake system - which incorporates four individual throttle valves. Life inside the black housing is also extremely complex - the optimum intake path for any given load and engine speed is facilitated by two flaps, several channels and one bypass. The payback is an extremely well-rounded torque curve and refined pulling power throughout the rev range.

Mighty orchestra for twelve voices.

The exhaust system, too, was afforded the undivided attention of Lamborghini's engineers - the lowest possible gas emissions was just as important a target as the unmistakable, spine-tingling Lamborghini sound. The hydro-formed and thermally insulated three-into-one system incorporates four pre-catalytic converters close to the engine and two main catalytic converters shortly before the muffler. The casing incorporates two separate mufflers - one low-volume, one high-volume. Regulated by valves controlled via the engine management, they handle all the elements of the big twelve-cylinder symphony - from a moderate rumble when rolling through the city at low revs to the screaming crescendo of maxed-out gear shifts.

Electronics devised entirely by Lamborghini.

Another highlight is the electronic engine management, which was developed in its entirety by engineers at Lamborghini. The system consists of the main ECU, a secondary "smart actuators" and two additional black boxes that function as "smart sensors". Because speed is everything for an engine like this, some ECU control and connection functions are handled by the smart actuators, making the ECU faster. The two smart sensors are constantly monitoring combustion in real time - each ignition in every cylinder. The spark plugs - each is powered by an individual ignition coil - function as "sensors"; the two auxiliary control units monitor the power signal after every ignition and can immediately identify irregularities in the combustion process through ionization phenomena. This data is used to continually optimize engine management, benefiting both performance and fuel consumption.

High performance in every dimension.

All these technical highlights come together to create a high-performance power unit like no other. The maximum output of 515 kW (700 hp) at 8,250 rpm is an impressive statement in itself. The maximum torque is 690 Newton meters and is available at 5,500 r/min. The extremely generous torque curve, meaty pulling power in every situation, extremely reflexive responses and, not least, the finely modulated but always highly emotional acoustics make the L539 a stunning power unit for a super sports car of the highest order. And not only was the L539 developed entirely in-house at Lamborghini, it is also built from start to finish at company headquarters in Sant'Agata Bolognese. Highly qualified specialists assemble the engines by hand, with every single unit undergoing an extensive final testing and detailed calibration program on an engine test bed.

The new Lamborghini ISR transmission (ISR: Independent Shifting Rods) - Innovative servo-actuated mechanical gearbox for maximum performance.

However, it is not the engine alone that defines the character and driving characteristics of a super sports car. Another key element is the transmission. The demands are clear - the ratios must be perfectly arrayed and enable optimum power delivery from the engine. For maximum vehicle performance, shift times should be less than the blink of an eye. Operation must be clear and straightforward, via two ergonomic shift paddles behind the steering wheel. The characteristics of the transmission must be in line with the wishes of the driver at any given point - from smooth city cruising through to tough action on the racetrack. And, not least, Lamborghini customers expect an emotional shift feeling that ensures the sports car's reactions can always be felt and understood. Thus, the development objective was clearly formulated in this respect, too - create the world's most emotional gear shift.

For all these reasons, the engineers in the R&D Department opted for a robotized gearbox as the "companion" of the new V12 power unit - however, in a very special iteration: the Lamborghini ISR transmission. This important part of the powertrain is not only much lighter in comparison to a dual clutch transmission, it also has the compact dimensions of a regular manual gearbox. Both weight and size advantages are key in the process of building super sports cars.

Unique engineering for super sports cars.

The new unit is laid out as a two-shaft transmission with seven forward gears and one reverse. For especially high durability, the synchronizing rings are made from carbon-fiber - a material with which Lamborghini has enormous experience. The short shift times are facilitated by the special design of the transmission, known as ISR - Independent Shifting Rod.

To summarize the principle - in a conventional manual gearbox, be it automated or fully manual, the gear wheels for, say, second and third gears are located side by side. When the driver wants to shift gear, the shifting sleeve with synchronizer unit is moved along the shifting rod from second gear through neutral to third gear. This requires twice the distance and twice the time - second gear has to be disengaged before third gear can be engaged.

Short distances, fast shift times.

This process is significantly shortened in the Lamborghini ISR transmission - the gear wheels from the second and third gears are separate from each other and the shifting sleeves are actuated by independent shifting rods. Now the shifting process can run virtually in parallel - while one shifting rod is disengaging one gear, the second shifting rod can already engage the next gear. Because these movements partially overlap and the mechanical distances are considerably shorter, this facilitates a significant saving in shift time. Overall, the Lamborghini ISR transmission shifts around 140 percent faster than the e.gear transmission in the Gallardo. And that is already one of the world's fastest automated manual gearboxes.

Compact construction, low weight.

The new transmission has four of these independent shifting rods, with sensors constantly monitoring their exact positions. They are operated via hydraulic actuators, with an extremely high system pressure of 60 bar ensuring the necessary operating speed. The system incorporates a total of seven hydraulic valves, with pressure supplied by an electric pump. The double-plate clutch is also hydraulically actuated. All system components are contained within one casing. The total weight of the transmission is only 70 kilograms - a distinct advantage, especially compared with the significantly heavier seven-gear dual-clutch transmissions.

Five operating modes for all situations.

Lamborghini drivers can choose between five operating modes: three manual (Strada, Sport and Corsa) and two automatic (Strada-auto and Sport-auto). The Strada mode offers highly comfort-oriented shifting, with fully-automatic also an option. The Sport mode has a dynamic set-up in terms of shifting points and times, while the Corsa mode delivers the maximum shift strategy for race track driving. This mode also includes Launch Control, the automatic function for maximum acceleration from a standing start.

With the Lamborghini ISR transmission, engineers working under the sign of the bull have devised an ingenious mate for the new twelve-cylinder power unit. Their work has created an overall powertrain that is absolutely unique in the world of super sports cars.

Integrated electronic control system.

The excellent performances are possible only by a fast communication architecture through the several powertrain ECU's and considering the powertrain as ONE-system in the car.

The fully electronic controlled coupling device for the front wheels (the 'old' viscous coupling) is another key point of the powertrain: it is able to continuously distribute the right torque to the front wheels for always attaining the best performance aspired to by the driver. The torque distribution to the front wheels can vary continuously from 0% to 60% of the total torque available.

Pushrod suspensions and steering.

The new Lamborghini V12 super sports car features an innovative and highly sophisticated suspension concept. The pushrod spring and damper concept was inspired by Formula 1 and tuned perfectly to meet the needs of a high-performance road-going vehicle. Together with aluminium double wishbone suspensions and a carbon ceramic brake system, this lightweight chassis is another element of the unique technology concept in Lamborghini's new flagship model.

An extremely precise, indeed razor-sharp, driving feel accurately describes the soul of the newest and most powerful super sports car ever to bear the sign of the bull. This includes a steering system that can think its way through a bend adhering to the perfect line, a suspension that masters the ideal balance between race-car feel for the road and plenty of comfort for ramping up the miles, and lateral stability that ensures absolute safety even at the very highest speeds.

Pushrod suspension derived from motorsport.

With its phenomenal engine output of 515 kW / 700 hp and its comparatively low vehicle weight, the new V12 super sports car from Lamborghini blasts its way to the very highest speeds. The most important characteristic of the new suspension is its design in line with the pushrod principle - inspired by Formula 1. The spring/damper elements are not located on the wheel mounts, but connected inboard to the body shell structure. They are transversely positioned: under the windscreen in the front and close to the engine in the rear. Pushrods and relay levers / rockers transmit the forces from the wheel mounts to the spring/damper elements.

Responsive handling characteristics at all speeds.

This solution offers a whole series of impressive benefits: due to the combination of the double wishbone and pushrod arrangement, wheel control and damper remain separate from each other. As a result, handling is more responsive and easier to manage at all speeds, while rigid connection to the chassis also improves the precise and spontaneous reaction of the springs and dampers. As a result, spring stiffness can be notched back a little - comfort increases, while precision remains. On the front axle, the shock absorbers are equipped with a hydraulic lifting system, which enables the front end of the super sports car to be lifted by 40 millimeters at the touch of a button, simplifying its ability to negotiate minor obstacles.

Systematic lightweight engineering in aluminum and carbon fiber.

Aluminium and carbon fiber are also the most important lightweight engineering materials on the chassis. The entire suspension system, including upper and lower control arms, wheel mounts and relay levers are made from forged aluminium alloy. The large-diameter discs on the high-performance brake system, on the other hand, are made from lightweight and extremely hard-wearing carbon ceramic composite material. On the front axle, the ventilated discs measure no less than 400 millimeters in diameter, with braking force delivered via six cylinder calipers. On the rear axle, 380 millimeter diameter discs are used in combination with four cylinder calipers. The parking brake on the new Lamborghini top model is electrically powered.

Steering forms the sensitive connection between driver and automobile.

The hydraulic steering on the Lamborghini V12 forms the highly sensitive connection between the driver and the super sports car, which runs on 19-inch wheels clad on 255/35 tires at the front and 20-inch rims on 335/30 tires at the rear. Steering Gear foresees 3 different servotronic characteristics managed by drive select mode.

Equipment and Options.

The new Lamborghini Aventador LP700-4 offers the most up-to-date, comprehensive and individualistic technology and equipment package ever realized in a super sports car. From the dynamics through safety to communication and entertainment, the Aventador fulfills every imaginable desire of the most demanding sports car fan. The wide range of exterior and interior colors and variants is perfect for individualization and, of course, "Ad Personam" is also available for the Aventador for the ultimate in personalization - where the only limits set are those of the imagination.

The standard package of electronic systems includes ABS, electronic brake distribution, anti-slip control, speed-dependent servo-tronic steering, hill start assist and, of course, ESP stability control. The rear spoiler and the side air intakes are electronically controlled. The Drive Select System enables vehicle characteristics (engine, transmission, differential, stability control, steering) to be set in accordance with individual driver preferences in one of three modes - Strada (road), Sport and Corsa (track).

Latest Generation HMI control.

The cockpit with TFT-LCD display also comes as standard, as does the multimedia HMI system with Navigation, including traffic data, iPod connection and Bluetooth.

The automatic climate control functions with a sunlight sensor, with further sensors controlling the automatic headlights. The bi-xenon headlamps come with daytime running lights and rear lights in LED technology.

The five-spoke alloy wheels are clad in Pirelli P Zero tires and feature tire pressure monitoring, while the brake system is equipped with carbon-ceramic rotors and black brake calipers. Safety equipment includes six front, thorax, head and knee airbags.

Wide range of individualization options.

Options include features such as the transparent engine cover, black painted wheels and brake calipers in yellow, gray or orange. The standard audio system can be upgraded to the "High-End Lamborghini Sound System" with premium speakers featuring neodymium technology and 4 x 135 watt amplifiers. Park assistance systems include proximity sensors front and rear, as well as a reversing camera.

A range of 13 colors are available at launch, in pastel metallic, pearlescent or matt finishes. These include the new shades Grigio Estoque and Arancio Argos. Three colors are available in specialized and highly sophisticated matt finishes as AD Personam- Nero Nemesis, Bianco Canopus and Marrone Apus.

The full leather single-color interior is available in either Nero Alde (black) or in Marrone Elpis, a warm brown shade. The contrasting stitching can be ordered in a range of colors. The two-tone leather interiors are offered in two style lines. For Bicolor Sportivo, the base color is black, with the contrast in orange, white, yellow or green, while Bicolor Elegante presents a harmonious blend of brown tones. A virtually inexhaustible array of variants is also offered by the Ad Personam individualization program.

The price of the Lamborghini Aventador and market delivery.

    * UK: GBP 201.900,00 (suggested retail price taxes excluded)
    * Europe: € 255.000 (suggested retail price taxes excluded)
    * USA: 379.700 USD (suggested retail price - GGT included)
    * China: RMB 6.270.000,00 (suggested retail price taxes included)
    * Japan: YEN 39.690.000,00 (suggested retail price taxes included)

The first customers will take delivery of the new Lamborghini Aventador LP700-4 in late summer 2011.

The History - The twelve-cylinder at the heart of the brand with the bull.

Lamborghini V12 - a long and glorious story. According to the history books, Ferruccio Lamborghini established a car company in the early sixties because he wanted to better the products on offer at the time from the competition, with the best possible technology and quality. The prototype for all later Lamborghini super sports cars was the 350 GTV study presented at the Turin Motor Show in 1963. It featured an all-new aluminium twelve-cylinder developed from scratch by engine designer Giotto Bizzarrini and boasted performance figures that were nothing short of breathtaking by the standards of the time. The 12-cylinder V-engine with 60 degree cylinder bank angle, four overhead camshafts (at a time when single camshafts were still the norm), a six bbl carburetor and dry sump lubrication, generated 360 hp at 8,000 rpm from a displacement of 3,497 cm3 that would take the concept car to a top speed of 280 km/h. The 350 GT series production version with conventional lubrication launched the following year produced 320 hp at 7,000 rpm from a displacement of 3,464 cm3.

It was exactly this engine that captured the imagination of show-goers at the 1966 Geneva Auto Salon in the Lamborghini Miura. Although its main features were already familiar from the 400 GT, this time the four-liter 60° twelve-cylinder was mounted transversely behind the cockpit, with transmission and differential in a single unit fixed directly to the frame.

The 320 hp made the series production Miura that followed the fastest production car of its time with a stated top speed of more than 280 km/h - and, with that, the first true super sports car. This engine was further developed over the years, with several iterations featuring in the Miura S (370 hp at 7,000 rpm, 285 km/h) and Miura SV (385 hp, 300 km/h). In the Miura Jota, a one-off made for racing, the V12 generated 440 hp at 8,500 rpm. However, applications for the four-liter were not limited to the mid-engine Miura. In the front-engine Islero, introduced in 1968, and in the 400 GT Jarama, it produced 350 hp, while in the futuristic Espada the figure was 325 hp (later also 350 hp). In 1974, the Espada also saw an automatic transmission offered for the first time.

The generational shift from the Miura to the new LP400 Countach took place in the early seventies. 1971 brought the prototype with a breathtaking, edgy form, the genes of which would ultimately re-emerge forty years later in present-day Lamborghini super sports cars. Marcello Gandini's design was a fitting outfit for a five-liter version of the V12.

However, this engine was dropped from the series production model in 1973 in favor of a further evolution of the four-liter unit. In the 1973 Countach - still without the "wing" or spoiler of the eighties - it was longitudinally mounted behind the driver, where it generated 375 hp at an impressive 8,000 rpm and reached a top speed of 300 km/h. The years that followed saw the Countach engine undergo a series of evolutionary developments, although still based on the familiar cornerstones of the first V12 unit. It was in 1985 that the Countach Quattrovalvole took displacement over the five-liter mark for the first time (5,167 cm3) and - as the name implies - featured a four-valve cylinder head. Output was an impressive 455 hp at 7,000 rpm.

The Murciélago was launched in 2001 as the first Lamborghini of the new era. It boasted a new 6.2 liter alloy V12 with a crankshaft running on seven bearings and dry sump lubrication. It generated 580 hp at 7,500 rpm and took the super sports car weighing just 1,650 kilograms to a top speed of 330 km/h. The maximum torque of 650 Nm was reached at just 5,400 rpm. At the 2006 Geneva Motor Show, Lamborghini unveiled the Murciélago LP640, which produces 640 hp from the V12 unit that had been expanded to 6,496 cm3. In the strictly limited Lamborghini Reventón, the twelve-cylinder that is the very heart of the brand generated 650 hp. The grand finale came with the Murciélago LP670-4 Superveloce with its 670 hp. However, 2011 marks the start of a new chapter in this glorious story.

In 1986, the five-liter V12 was presented with a completely new application - the Lamborghini LM002 may also have had the 450 hp engine mounted up front, but the 2.7 ton automobile was the first and only SUV produced by the brand, a four-door all-terrain vehicle. The late eighties saw the amazingly long career of the Countach near its end with the Countach Anniversario. The Diablo followed as its rightful heir, clad in a distinctly nineties outfit. By 1990, the V12 had increased to 5.7 liters and by the end of Diablo production to almost six liters, producing 492 hp. One year later, the Diablo VT was the brand's first four-wheel drive sports car. Over the next few years, output grew steadily to 520 hp (1993 Diablo SE). The Diablo GT with 575 hp and the radical GTR with 590 hp both appeared in 1999. The Diablo 6.0 was the first model to feature the V12 with displacement expanded to six liters, its output ultimately reaching 550 hp...

Jaguar XJ13:The Blast from the past!!!!

2011-03-06T16:42:00.000-08:00

With five wins in seven years, Jaguar was the most successful manufacturer at Le Mans in the 1950s. Amazingly the engine responsible for these victories was directly derived from the XK six cylinder that also powered the company's range of road going sports cars. From 1958 onwards sports racers were limited to a three litre replacement, which left the Jaguar D-Type obsolete. Some privateers attempted to race a three litre version of the straight six engine, but in that configuration it could not match the Aston Martins or Ferraris. In the early 1960s, Jaguar briefly returned to its practice with the development of racing versions of the new E-Type, but again found itself beaten by Ferrari.

Officially, Jaguar's racing days were over, but behind the scenes a new engine and chassis were on the drawing boards that were intended to bring Jaguar back to the forefront of endurance racing. A logical development of the XK six cylinder engine would be a V12 and that configuration had been discussed since the mid-1950s within Jaguar. Unlike the XK engine, the V12 was destined to be racing engine first and then be introduced in street cars. In the early 1960s the displacement regulations had been relaxed again, so the new V12 could be developed for an upcoming Le Mans engine.

Development of the new engine was entrusted to Claude Bailey. A total of seven prototype engines were constructed, two of which were built to racing specification with twin overhead camshafts. The two six cylinder banks were angled 60 degrees and like the rest of the engine, completely constructed from aluminium. Initially the V12 was equipped with six twin choke Carburetors, but they were quickly discarded for the more advanced Lucas Fuel Injection system. Displacing just under five litre, the new engine produced 445 bhp on carbs and with Fuel Injection just over 500 bhp. Jaguar's engineers estimated that another 200 bhp could be freed through careful tuning.

The new monocoque chassis combined the lessons learned with the D-Type and followed the latest mid-engine trend. Similar to the Lotus 25, the monocoque was constructed from aluminium and no longer required heavy steel subframes to house the suspension. Jaguar's new sports racer beat Colin Chapman's Lotus 49 by using the engine as a fully stressed member; the engine and gearbox carried the rear suspension. The rolling chassis was clothed in a thin aluminium body, penned by Malcolm Sayer, who had also been responsible for the slippery shape of the D-Type. Completed late in 1966, the new car weighed in at just under 1000 kg.

Dubbed the XJ13, for Experimental Jaguar Number 13, the new racing car first took to the track early in 1967. In complete secrecy David Hobbs tested the XJ13 on the MIRA track and quickly broke the track record. The car and engine were thoroughly development, but keeping the project secret had the first priority as Jaguar's board feared that any word of the new V12-engined car would have negative effects on the demand for the current range of six cylinder powered sports cars. Almost ready to take Ford and Ferrari on at Le Mans, Jaguar was once again faced with regulation changes. For 1968, the displacement limit for prototype racing cars like the XJ13 were once again lowered to three litres. Still very much a secret, the highly advanced XJ13 was retired while Jaguar's engineers worked on preparing the V12 for street use.

In 1971, the V12 was finally ready to go into production in the third evolution of the popular E-Type. To celebrate the introduction of the new engine, Jaguar decided to use the XJ13 in a publicity video about the development of the V12 E-Type. Unfortunately, a tyre blew on the steep banking of the MIRA track and on its first public appearance, the XJ13 was virtually destroyed. Although the damage was extensive, Jaguar decided to have the car completely rebuilt. In the following years, the company's Heritage department showed the unique machine at various events both stationary and driving. At some point the healthier of the two engines was over-revved and destroyed. The second engine used a welded piston and could only be driven slowly.

The final blow for the XJ13's driving career seemingly came a few years ago when the car fell off a kerb, punching a hole in the sump. The car was retired to the museum and only very rarely shown. Fortunately Jaguar again did not let the company's biggest 'could have beens' sit in a derelict state and commissioned several old employees to once more rebuild the car. The all volunteer group's biggest task was rebuilding the unique engine, which shared next to no parts with the later production V12s. The chassis was cleaned while the body completely resprayed. Jaguar hoped to have the car ready in time for the 2006 Le Mans parade, but the debut had to be postponed three weeks and the XJ13 was paraded around the track during the Le Mans Classic event.

Fully functional for the first time in many years, the Jaguar XJ13 is seen above during the 2007 Goodwood Festival of Speed, where it was blasted up the hill.

Ferrari Scuderia Spider 16M - still the Best!

2011-02-09T09:14:00.000-08:00

The Ferrari Scuderia Spider 16M has been created with the goal of bringing together superb performance and the pleasure of driving in the open air. The result is the best-performing spider ever created by Ferrari, a car which evokes the emotions of the barchetta models that were the protagonists of the great multi-stage races of the 1950s. The car's technological solutions, make the most of the latest innovations in the 430 Scuderia, derived from Formula 1, to guarantee uncompromising handling on the road. This is reflected in the name, which is also connected to Formula 1: a celebration of the 16 World Constructors' Titles Ferrari have won. The Scuderia Spider 16M is a marriage of performance and driving pleasure produced in a special, limited edition for only 499 passionate customers.

PERFORMANCE.

The Ferrari Scuderia Spider 16M offers technological solutions that have already been tested on the 430 Scuderia. It's an ultra-high-performance car (0-100 km/h in 3.7 seconds) designed for fast, tight driving conditions with a set-up that highlights sports driving and that offers all the enjoyment of open-top driving in the F430 Spider. In tests at the Fiorano circuit the car recorded lap times lower than any other Ferrari spider model designed for the road.

WEIGHT/ POWER.

The Ferrari Scuderia Spider 16M weighs 80 kg less than the F430 Spider (dry weight 1340 kg) and many details were revised and designed with this specific goal in mind. The most significant changes were made on the chassis and on the body, much use has been made of light materials and carbon fiber. All this has made it possible to achieve a first-in-class power-to-weight ratio of 5.8 lb/CV.

ENGINE.

The Ferrari Scuderia Spider 16M's engine, like the 430 Scuderia's, is an evolution of the F430's 4.3-litre V8. It features a number of modifications designed to boost performance and raise specific power to 118 CV/l, equal to a total power output of 510 CV, while complying with the strict limits on exhaust emissions established in the Euro4 and LEV2 standards.

SOUND.

Engine sound is a distinctive characteristic of all Ferraris and has always been a fundamental element in creating a strong connection with the driver through increased feedback and driving satisfaction. This is achieved by paying special attention to the level and to the quality of sound, in order to ensure perfect acoustic comfort under any conditions.

GEARBOX.

The F1-SuperFast2 gearbox is the latest evolution derived from Formula 1: a totally innovative integrated engine and gearbox management programme allows the combined disengaging/engaging of the gears to take place in parallel with letting the clutch in and out. As a result, gear-change time has been even further reduced to 60 milliseconds.

E-DIFF.

In use in Formula 1 for a number of years, E-Diff has been integrated with the car's stability control systems. Torque is intelligently distributed to the wheels by the hydraulic actuation of two sets of friction discs and their connected reaction discs. The amount of torque delivered depends on driving conditions, modifying the effect of the differential and bringing considerable advantages in terms of performance, directional stability, active safety and driving pleasure. E-Diff is integrated with the car's other systems and allows the driver to change the set-up according to road-holding conditions from the steering wheel-mounted manettino.

F1-TRAC.

F1-Trac, like E-Diff, is the traction control system directly derived from the experience of Formula 1 cars. The system guarantees maximum traction on exiting corners, stability and ease of driving even in extreme conditions, consistent performance, and drive comfort. The advantage of the combination of E-Diff and F1-Trac compared to conventional systems of stability and traction control is shown by a 40% increase in acceleration out of corners.

RACING MANETTINO.

The Ferrari Scuderia Spider 16M uses the Racing version of the manettino, which puts the emphasis on sporty driving and offers more options for configuration of the parameters of the car's electronic controls. The ICE setting used on the F430 has been replaced by the CT position. This deactivates only traction control, leaving stability control in operation.

CARBON CERAMIC BRAKES.

The Ferrari Scuderia Spider 16M's braking system with carbon ceramic discs has resulted in an overall improvement in braking performance compared to that of the F430's system, from which it is derived. The front discs with their larger diameter allow an improved rolling radius and hence greater braking efficiency. The front brake pads are specific to the car and allow improved dissipation of the heat produced by higher performance. They are also more hard-wearing. The brake pedal feel has been optimized for all driving conditions and remains consistent even in extreme situations on the racetrack.

AUDIO EQUIPMENT.

A new audio system of the latest-generation has been created for the Ferrari Scuderia Spider 16M. The hi-fidelity has an 8x50 watt amplifier consisting of two woofers, two midrange speakers and two tweeters integrated in the carbon door panel. The multimedia interface offers a removable Ferrari-personalised 16GB iPod® Touch housed in the centre of the instrument panel. Alternatively, a Becker® Cascade radio with Bluetooth and iPod® connection is available.23

PERSONALISATION.

The Ferrari personalisation programme has been enhanced and matched to the special features of the car. The programme has four separate areas: Racing and Track, Exterior and Colours; Interior and Materials, Equipment and Travel.In the Interior and Materials area it is possible to select Poltrona Frau® leather as an alternative to technical fibre or Alcantara®. And for this limited edition car there is also a special set of soft travel bags, a satellite anti-theft system and satellite navigation. It is also possible to select a "tricolore" livery in the colours of the italian flag.

Technical Specifications.

    * Engine
          o Naturally aspirated mid-rear 90° V8, 4308 cc
          o Maximum power: 375.4 kW (510 hp) @ 8500 rpm
          o Maximum torque: 470 Nm (47.7 Kgm) @ 5250 rpm
          o Max engine speed: 8640 rpm (at limiter)
          o Compression ratio: 11.9:1
          o Bore and Stroke: 92 mm X 81 mm
          o Specific power output: 118.4 hp/litre
    * Transmission
          o Six-speed plus Reverse F1 gearbox
          o Dry dual clutch
          o Electronic differential E-diff + F1-Trac
          o Oil gearbox lubrication with oil/water heat exchanger
    * Performance
          o 0-100 km/h: 3.7 s
          o Top speed: 315 kph
          o Drive weight/power: 2.6 kg/hp

STYLE AND AERODYNAMICS.

Traditionally, the styling of a Ferrari has been created around the forms dictated by the car's engineering, with the aim of obtaining maximum aerodynamic efficiency. The Ferrari Scuderia Spider 16M's high performance and dynamics required a reinterpretation of numerous elements of both internal and external styling. The objective was to style the car through those aerodynamic features necessary for a car designed with the highest levels of performance in mind. Since the 16M is a Spider, the design kept in mind the needs of driving with the top down and of the pleasure this should provide. External styling has been enhanced with numerous details in carbon (front fin, rear-view mirror, headlight housing, diffuser, roll bar) as well as new colours in metallic black body and dark grey wheel rims. A new livery emphasises the lines of the car.

2012 Bentley Continental GT review.

2011-02-05T06:22:00.000-08:00

For Crewe's design and engineering teams, the new Bentley Continental GT coupe is an opportunity to set a bold and exciting direction for one of Bentley's most revered names - the Continental. The seminal and highly successful Bentley Continental GT introduced in 2003 represented the first step in Bentley's renaissance and defined a whole new market segment. It was a luxury GT offering excellent usability that remained true to the Bentley grand touring spirit.

Now the new Continental GT 4-seat coupe builds on the success of its iconic predecessor, capturing that GT spirit but with even higher standards of design, engineering, luxury, craftsmanship, dynamic performance, everyday practicality and refinement.

A beautifully sculptured new body gives the Bentley Continental GT coupe an even crisper, more defined appearance. The contemporary interior offers new levels of cabin design, comfort and hand-crafted luxury. The seats, for example, provide even greater support and rear leg-room; a sweeping dashboard even more style and modernity. The new touchscreen infotainment system features state-of-the-art navigation, Google Maps and entertainment while the latest Balanced Mode Radiator speaker technology and Dirac Dimensions™ digital sound processing deliver enhanced audio quality.

Bentley's acclaimed 6-litre, 12-cylinder, twin-turbocharged powertrain now has a raised power output of 575PS (567bhp/423kW) and 700Nm (516lb ft) of torque and this is mated to a new Quickshift transmission which enables double downshifts. Thanks to advanced FlexFuel technology it can also run on both standard unleaded petrol (gasoline) and sustainable bioethanol (up to E85) or any mix of the two.

In late 2011 an all-new, high-output 8-cylinder engine will also be available to order.

This advanced power unit will deliver a 40 percent reduction in emissions compared with the W12 engine and will offer a class-leading CO2 emissions-to-power ratio with Bentley levels of performance and refinement.

Both engines are coupled to an all-wheel drive system with a sporty 40:60 rear-torque bias (compared with the 50:50 bias of the original Bentley Continental GT), minimising understeer during hard cornering and allowing the experienced driver to control the car's line and balance via precise throttle control.

"The new Continental GT is an automotive work of art, with superb craftsmanship and elegant, contemporary design. It drives like a supercar, but without the usual sacrifices in ride or practicality. It is a car that you can enjoy every moment of every day." - Dr Franz-Josef Paefgen, Chairman and Chief Executive

SCULPTURED EXTERIOR EXUDES QUALITY AND DESIGN INTEGRITY.

Inspired by the iconic Bentleys of the past, Bentley's design team under the leadership of Director of Design, Dirk van Braeckel, has created a thoroughly modern, sculptured body, built with advanced production technologies to ensure the highest standards of quality and body integrity.

Aluminium Super Forming technology is employed to create the front wings and the boot lid. This process heats the aluminium panels to nearly 500 degrees Celsius before shaping them by air pressure. By using a single sheet of aluminium, no seams or welding are required.

The latest body construction techniques deliver crisp, highly defined feature lines and form to every area of the exterior design. The familiar power lines and rear haunches - echoes of the original 1950s R-Type Continental - now have even sharper radii to create highly distinct surfaces, bringing the feel of a truly coachbuilt car to the new coupe.

The GT coupe's new look is bolder than ever. The classic Bentley matrix radiator grille is more upright, while the new headlamp design, in traditional four-lamp format, has exquisite jewel-like detailing including eye-catching, LED daylight-running lamps.

At the rear, Bentley signature 'floating' LED lamps extend around the corners of the wings, emphasising the new coupe's width and purposeful stance. The track is wider by 41mm at the front and 48mm at the rear than the previous model. The bootlid design has a powerful 'double horse-shoe' motif, reminiscent of the new Bentley Mulsanne, while flared elliptical exhaust tailpipes reinforce the new Bentley Continental GT's sporting credentials.

The shape of the new Bentley Continental GT coupe's body is also more aerodynamic following extensive wind tunnel analysis. In conjunction with a range of extensive underbody refinements (including wheel arch and exhaust aerodynamic aids) the GT's coefficient of drag has been reduced to 0.33Cd and the lift at the front and rear axles has also been reduced to create greater stability at higher speeds.

The new Bentley Continental GT is specified with 20-inch alloy wheels as standard, with, for the first time on the Continental family, the option to upgrade to 21-inch designs. Three styles of wheel are offered - a 20-inch five-spoke version and two 21-inch Elegant and split-rim Sports variations, which come in a variety of chromed and painted finishes.

"The new GT coupe has an even stronger sporting character than ever before. It is an exceptionally refined and comfortable 2+2 Grand Tourer but with the heart, soul and looks of a supercar." - Dirk van Braeckel, Director of Design

CONTEMPORARY, HAND-CRAFTED CABIN WITH BENTLEY'S RENOWNED REFINEMENT.

With an entirely hand-crafted interior, the Bentley Continental GT's cabin sets new standards in refinement and luxury to create a stylish space in which up to four people can relax in total comfort.

The instrument panel and dashboard subtly echo the flying wings of the Bentley motif and are fashioned from the highest quality soft-touch leathers. New touchscreen technology and chrome-bezelled dials are housed within this dynamic cockpit area, which rises from the centre console in the form of dramatically surfaced 'wing' buttresses.

The striking and unique 'Cobra' design seats are supremely comfortable thanks to the introduction of the latest body-supporting materials which use complex foams to provide softness at first touch but with excellent support over longer journeys.

The seats can be specified with front-seat ventilation as well as a state-of-the-art massage system with 10 individual massage cells and individual side airbags are provided as standard for all passengers. Front seatbelts feature a new electrically-operated automatic presenter, making buckling-up effortless. Driver knee airbags are standard fitment.

The new Bentley Continental GT offers superb everyday usability.

The new slim-line front seats with scalloped backs also provide a further 46mm of legroom for back-seat passengers and easy access to the rear cabin.

No other Grand Tourer offers such impressive levels of refinement thanks to the advanced noise-suppression technology that includes acoustic glazing, under-floor shields and hidden anti-vibration panels throughout the interior.

The cabin is trimmed with soft-touch leathers, a full range of wood veneers, cool-touch metals and deep-pile carpets - all hand-crafted in Bentley's unrivalled workshops at the factory in Crewe, England. The attention to detail even extends to applying a UV stabilizer to the wood veneers to protect from bleaching, thus ensuring they can be enjoyed as new for decades to come.

Every leather hide is still sewn under the watchful eye of Bentley's highly skilled craftsmen and women. By incorporating ingenious, angled 'ramps' behind the leather, the interior designers have created sharp, well-defined styling lines, while maintaining a soft-touch.

Other simple yet practical functions include a powered boot as standard, Electronic Park Brake with Move Off Assist and newly designed, leather-lined door stowage bins with an integrated bottle holder.

Perhaps the most stylish new storage device in the new Bentley Continental GT is the exquisitely designed, folding, removable case designed to hold items such as keys and pens and which can also be slipped into a pocket or bag. Crafted from veneers to match those of the coupe's interior, the case (available as a cost option) is finished with inlaid Bentley wings, satin-chromed and leather-lined, and is secured in a recess above the twin drinks holders in the centre console.

"The new GT coupe interior combines form, practicality and innovation. Our task was to translate the original design sketches for the car's cabin - which were quite extreme, almost revolutionary for a Bentley - into the final design. The result is a cockpit that moves the Continental GT on to the next generation." - Darren Day, Senior Designer

CLASS-LEADING INFOTAINMENT SYSTEMS.

Complementing its contemporary cabin, the new Continental GT also features advanced new touchscreen technology with rich map imagery and a 30GB on board hard drive.

The 8-inch screen displays the car's audio system, telephone, ride and comfort settings and the very latest navigation system, which uses both an in-car hard-disc drive and a DVD player to access route data. It also employs dynamic navigation to guide you around areas of heavy traffic, finds destinations using geo-tagged photos from an SD memory card and is Google Maps-compatible (market specific).

The infotainment system, with 7 digit postcode entry, uses a combination of touchscreen controls and classic knurled rotary switches to offer instant usability and crystal-clear feedback. The graphic interface of the screen is engineered in-house to ensure its visuals are completely in keeping with the style of the interior. Look closely and you will see that the knurled switches on the screen are 'virtual' echoes of the knurled switches below.

The Bentley Continental GT's new infotainment system also provides the ultimate in in-car audio entertainment. An eight-speaker sound system is offered as standard employing the latest Balanced Mode Radiator technology. These unique compact, flat-panel speakers provide exceptional clarity with a very wide frequency range.

An 11-speaker Naim for Bentley system - created exclusively for the Bentley Continental GT by British audiophiles Naim - employs revolutionary Dirac Dimensions ™ digital signal processing. This industry-first technology creates a virtual 'sound field' independent of speaker layout to deliver concert hall-quality sound reproduction for every occupant wherever they may be sitting.

The Bentley Continental GT coupe also benefits from telephone and music player connectivity, digital television (where available) and DVD movie playback. Music can be played and controlled directly from an iPod® as well as from a six-disc CD changer, SD card reader or directly from the car's hard-disc drive, which can store up to 15GB of music.

MORE POWERFUL W12 AND NEW HIGH-OUTPUT, HIGH-EFFICIENCY V8.

The Bentley Continental GT is set to have a choice of two very distinctive high-performance engines. In addition to the new 575PS version of Crewe's renowned 6.0 litre W12 powertrain, a new high-output 4.0-litre V8 engine option will be introduced in late 2011.

The new 4.0-litre V8 engine honours Bentley's environmental commitment to deliver a powertrain that achieves a 40 percent improvement in CO2 emissions. The new V8 is being designed specifically by Bentley's engineers to deliver all the exhilarating power and torque synonymous with the marque. The new Crewe-built engine will also offer a class-leading CO2 emissions-to-power ratio.

At launch, the new Bentley Continental GT coupe is powered by the latest evolution of Bentley's acclaimed 12-cylinder, 6-litre twin-turbocharged engine, now calibrated to provide even greater performance, thanks to increases in power, torque and fuel efficiency.

Designed in a unique 'W' configuration, it is the most compact and technologically advanced 12-cylinder engine in the world. Four camshafts and 48 valves allow the engine to breathe effortlessly and help to generate the distinctive Bentley wave of torque. It is also capable of running on petrol (gasoline), E85 bioethanol or any mix of the two - all from a single tank.

In 2008, Bentley announced a far-reaching environmental programme that included a 15 percent improvement in powertrain efficiency and the adoption across the Bentley model range of FlexFuel technology by 2012. Bentley's FlexFuel models are capable of delivering potential CO2 reductions of up to 70 percent on a 'well-to-wheel' basis - the measurement of CO2 released by a fuel from its production (well) through to its combustion or deployment (wheel).

To ensure that the power and torque generated remain constant (whatever the fuel) an advanced Fuel Quality Sensor continuously monitors the ratio of the fuels used. It then guides the Engine Control Unit to adjust the engine's timing. This provides the seamless power delivery for which Bentley engines are renowned, and ensures there is no compromise on performance when using fuels that create lower CO2 emissions.

Further revisions to the new Bentley Continental GT coupe's engine include low friction, lightweight components which allow the W12-format engine to rev even more freely, while the latest engine management system and twin, low-inertia turbochargers are optimised to ensure minimal turbo lag.

Overall, the Bentley Continental GT coupe is 65kg lighter than its predecessor thanks to reductions in all areas of the car from engine components through to new seats. With its power output raised by 15PS and torque by 50 Nm - to 575PS (567bhp/423kW) and 700Nm (516lb ft) - the result is a 6 percent improvement in the new GT's power-to weight-ratio, making it capable of accelerating from zero to 60mph in just 4.4 seconds (0-100km/h in 4.6 seconds) with a top speed of 198mph (318km/h).

The increased power and torque are transmitted to the all-wheel drive system via an uprated six-speed Quickshift transmission, which halves shift times (to just 200 milliseconds). The revised gearbox also has the ability to deliver double downshifts (sixth to fourth gear, for example) and improves acceleration across the entire gear range. To cope with the additional power and torque, the planetary gear set of the six-speed ZF transmission is also strengthened.

Positive torque during downshifts is achieved through engine and gearbox electronic controller interaction for extra throttle and fuel injection during the overrun, replicating manual throttle 'blips' for precise rev matching . During transmission upshifts, fuel and ignition are cut momentarily to give faster mechanical shift times through torque reduction, also improving shift quality and durability.

"The W12's extra power and torque and Quickshift transmission endow the new Bentley Continental GT with instantly accessible supercar performance across the complete rev range. At the same time, Bentley's pioneering use of FlexFuel technology underlines our ongoing environmental commitment." - Brian Gush, Director, Chassis and Powertrain, Engineering

ALL-WHEEL DRIVE FOR OPTIMISED RIDE AND HANDLING.

Both engines are coupled with a state-of-the-art, all-wheel drive system employing an advanced Torsen differential. This ensures safe yet dynamic sports car handling in all road conditions and all weathers.

In the new coupe, the power split has a 40:60 rear bias for a significantly more sporting feel in terms of handling and mid-corner acceleration. However, it can adjust instantaneously the power split between the front and rear wheels depending on the available grip. In addition, an uprated Electronic Stability Control (ESC) system provides additional security and grip whatever your driving style.

The new Bentley Continental GT's chassis delivers the optimum ride and handling balance. The wide front and rear track benefits agility and handling, while solid aluminium cast-forged, high-stiffness front suspension uprights and aluminium gravity die castings at the rear work in conjunction with a redesigned front anti-roll bar and retuned spring and damper settings. The result is improved response and stability at all speeds.

Continuous Damping Control (CDC) constantly monitors the car's attitude and poise. By adjusting the suspension settings hundreds of times a second it can provide a remarkably supple ride at low speeds and increased control as speeds climb. It can also lower the car in 'V-Max' mode for enhanced stability at the highest speeds.

SUMMARY.

Throughout Bentley's history, iconic grand tourers have forged the marque's reputation. In the 1950s the beautiful R-Type Continental set new standards of performance and style. In 2003, Bentley Continental GT revolutionised the luxury coupe market, combining supercar performance and dynamism with remarkable everyday practicality.

Now, the new Continental GT coupe sets even higher standards in every area of design, craftsmanship and engineering.

2011 Yamaha FZ8 Test-ride and Review.

2011-01-16T12:08:00.000-08:00

One of the few bits of good news in the motorcycle industry these past few years, at least in America, is that many of the too-cool-for-the-States Euro-only models have finally dropped anchor and headed to the New World. The U.S. gets one such ride, Yamaha’s FZ8, as a 2011 model.just got a first taste of the new Fazer on a 100-mile run in California’s Santa Monica Mountains, discovering a fun-to-ride and versatile new middleweight.

The FZ8 expands what Yamaha dubs its Total Sportbike line, a designation applying to the high-performance Supersport R1 and R6, as well as the Sport-Touring FJR1300. In between are models Yamaha designates as its Sport models: the fully-faired FZ6R, half-faired FZ1 and the naked FZ8.

Contrasting their best-selling status in Europe, naked street bikes have struggled in the American market. Yet Yamaha sees its FZ8 as servicing a growing segment. Although overall motorcycle sales have tanked since the 2008 economic crisis, the general market distribution remains more or less the same. Citing data from the Motorcycle Industry Council

(MIC), Yamaha claims the Total Sportbike segment of the industry has held steady from 2005 thru 2010 at 20% (cruisers maintain the top position at 45-50% of sales). Within the Total Sportbike category itself, however, the Supersport segment has dropped from 65% to 49% over that six-year stretch. Picking up the slack, the remaining Sport models are up from 29% to 37%, with Sport-Touring bikes more than doubled from 6% to 14%.

Other market indicators deemed favorable for the FZ8 include a growing trend of riders no longer purchasing multiple specialist bikes, but instead investing in a single, more versatile mount. Add in Yamaha’s own customer feedback, which put Rider Position and Price/Deal as their most important purchasing reasons, and Yamaha makes a strong case for its new naked standard.

The FZ8 sources a familiar looking Inline Four, which shares the pre-crossplane R1 pedigree of its larger-displacement FZ1 sibling. The engine cases are in fact identical with FZ1, along with the 53.6mm stroke. But the FZ8 displaces 779cc courtesy of its sleeved down 68mm bore (77mm on FZ1). The FZ8 mill further diverges with a new four-valve cylinder head (five-valve head on FZ1) and higher 12.0:1 compression ratio. Mellower cam profiles and revised valve timing tune the FZ8 for low and mid-range power, rather than the top-end bias of the FZ1, the latter bike also sporting a 500 rpm higher redline at 12K.

Variable length intake funnels further refine the engine’s power characteristics. No, it’s not the movable YCC-I system from the R1, rather the outside cylinders are 125mm long, while the middle two cylinders route air from the 7.8-liter airbox through 150mm length funnels. Other internal changes include a narrower throttle bore than the FZ1. The other major change from the FZ1 mill is a lighter crankshaft, with Yamaha claiming a 30% reduction in inertial mass. While giving the engine a quick revving character and smooth throttle response, the company touts the crank’s the reduced rotational force “contributes to light and responsive handling.”

Well-suited to a bike pitched as a step-up model, the engine’s broad powerband has something for all skill levels. The low end churns out ample, yet manageable power, complemented by a forgiving throttle input. Approaching 6K on the tach and a fantastic mid-range zing kicks in. Squeeze the throttle between 6 and 9K and riders had best have firm grip on the controls, because it hauls. Fueling across the powerband is immediate without being abrupt, a very tricky formula to master. The engine’s smooth character holds throughout the revs as well, with no rattling or overt vibes until it buzzes up near the 11.5K redline.

Yamaha refuses to state power claims for this model, but our seat-of-the-pants dyno would confirm its middleweight displacement. It’s got more oomph than a 600 street bike, but lacks the potency of the FZ1 or 1043cc Kawasaki Z1000. In fact, the engine performance it’s most analogous in our estimation to the defunct-in-the-US Kawi Z750, which we fondly recall from many a riding season past.

A 4-2-1 exhaust system exits out a black, right-side muffler. We found the exhaust sound muted but favorable, with a more robust melody wailing at the upper revs. Keeping it revved out doesn’t help with fuel economy though, and the Fazer seemed to suck down the gas during our test ride. Yamaha reps promise a 200-mile range from the 4.49-gallon tank, a claim we’ll test in a future comparison review.

The FZ8’s six-speed transmission features lower first gear and secondary reduction gear ratios than the FZ1. We found no fault with the gearing, the low first gear praiseworthy for allowing riders to creep along at low speeds without clutch finesse and little to no throttle modulation. The cable-actuated clutch delivers seamless engagement, while the lever pull felt stiffer than ideal but tolerable.

The FZ8’s cast aluminum frame and swingarm are identical with the FZ1. Same goes for the 57.4-inch wheelbase, 32.1-inch seat height and steering geometry. Swing a leg over the 8, however, and it feels smaller than our recollections of its bigger displacement kin. This may be in part due to the missing half fairing (a half-faired version of the FZ8 is available in Europe), but the seat and tank junction have also been slimmed down to deliver an easy reach to the ground (fuel capacity shaved by a little over a quarter-gallon). Smaller riders noted the FZ8 dimensions were easy to handle and not intimidating, and taller riders didn’t feel overbearing on the new model.

Slight repositioning of the handlebars (5mm forward) and footpegs (15mm backward, 10mm downward), compared to the FZ1, deliver a subtle forward pitch for the rider. Increased wind resistance from the naked design counteracts the forward cant, so no pressure is placed on the rider’s wrists or lower back. The standard position makes for a comfortable saddle, though we’d rate the seat only average – comfy for showroom floors and short jaunts, but lacking as the tripmeter turns into triple digits.

Get up to speed and the FZ8 turns in and transitions without much effort at the controls, the front-end light and intuitive when the road kinks up. Here’s where the Yamaha’s assertion of improved handling from the lighter crankshaft come into play. We’ll buy into the claims, as the FZ8 proved more nimble than our recollections of the FZ1 (we last tested the FZ1 during our 2007 Streetfighter Comparison, where it was deemed less svelte than its competitors), though we reckon this could also be owed to the half-inch narrower rear tire. Certainly the FZ8 feels lighter than the 15-pound spec sheet variances of the two FZ models.

The FZ8’s suspension is non-adjustable, save for nine-position preload adjustment for the rear shock. The inverted 43mm KYB fork works sound enough, set up well for its street use. Riders who find the fork’s performance limiting figure to already be drawn to the higher-spec FZ1, which sources fully adjustable KYB sticks. The YHSJ rear shock (Yamaha’s subsidiary suspension company formerly known as SOQI) is less adept. Sprung on the soft side, the FZ8’s rear end wallows when pushed hard on poor road surfaces. Riders in our test group who added preload reported improvement, but the shock would benefit from more rebound.

Braking performance is solid courtesy of the dual front 310mm discs and four-piston, non-radial-mount Sumitomo calipers. The single 267mm single-piston Nissin rear isn’t terribly impressive, but the overall package proves quite effective at bringing the 470-pound (claimed) bike to a safe and speedy halt. ABS is not available as an option.

The FZ8’s $8490 MSRP beats its direct competitors and falls under that imposing 10K mark by a full $1500. Fit and finish on the bike is decent, but not flawless, with things like the flimsy mount of the wind cowling somewhat detracting. Instrumentation is simple and easy to read, with our favorite perks like a gear position indicator absent but not missed. As bikes get more and more complicated the simplicity is refreshing.

On the styling end, the FZ8 is not a particularly edgy bike. That said, it plays to our particular sensibilities, with its naked profile and exposed header pipes our favorite trait. As far as colorways go, as Henry Ford once said of his Model T, the FZ8 can be had in any color the customer wants, so long as it’s black. Riders can, however, kit out their Fazer with numerous factory accessories including some extra bodywork and useful add-ons like a centerstand.

All told the FZ8 is a fun bike to ride and an exciting new middleweight option from Yamaha. The Tuning Fork logo makes a compelling case for its latest model’s success, even in the current distressed market conditions and traditional low sales of naked street bikes in the States. Now it’s up to the American ridership to decide if these Euro-only bikes are Euro-only for a reason.

Porsche 550 Spyder Specs.

2011-01-09T12:31:00.000-08:00

The Porsche 550 was a sports car produced by Porsche from 1953-1956. Inspired by the Porsche 356 which was created by Ferry Porsche, and some spyder prototypes built and raced by Walter Glöckler starting in 1951, the factory decided to build a car designed for use in auto racing. The model Porsche 550 Spyder was introduced at the 1953 Paris Auto Show. The Porsche 550 was very low to the ground, in order to be efficient for racing. In fact, former German Formula One racer Hans Herrmann drove it under closed railroad crossing gates during the 1954 Mille Miglia.

The Porsche 550 / 1500RS or Spyder became known as the "Giant Killer". The later 1956 evolution version of the model, the 550A, which had a lighter and more rigid spaceframe chassis, gave Porsche its first overall win in a major sports car racing event, the 1956 Targa Florio.

Its successor from 1957 onwards, the Porsche 718, was even more successful, scoring points in Formula One as late as 1963. A descendant of the Porsche 550 is generally considered to be the Porsche Boxster S 550 Spyder; the Spyder name was effectively resurrected with the RS Spyder Le Mans Prototype.

The Porsche 550 "Little Bastard", serial number 550-0055 is best known for being the car in which James Dean was killed on September 30, 1955.

Over 50 years later Chamonix have reengineered and upgraded the 550 Spyder for Australia. It holds onto classic styling and design with modern running gear and safety features providing the optimal track car whilst still comfortable for road driving.

The 550 Spyder weighs in at a low 720kg and is powered by a Subaru sourced 2.4 Litre mid-mounted four cylinder engine capable of producing 121kW at 5600rpm and 226Nm of torque at 4400rpm. Considering the mere weight of this modern classic its no wonder its capable of an acceleration time of 5.3 seconds from 0 - 100 Km/h. And for those buyers that purchase the car for track days, they will experience a top speed of 220Km/h.

Classic styling remains with 15 inch alloy wheels, red leather interior trim, thin three-spoke steering wheel, curved windscreen, three dial instrument cluster and many more fine touches to further enhance the driving experience.

Serpent-custom Build off.

2011-01-02T10:01:00.000-08:00

While some self-proclaimed custom builders simply buy a frame and an S&S engine, pick out some slick controls and trick wheels, then bolt it all together and call it a one-off motorcycle, on that rare occasion you run into a craftsman who still takes the time to do things the old-fashioned way, pounding sheet metal meticulously by hand, bending tubing by blowtorch and elbow grease. Wayne Ransom is a young custom builder in this vein.
Ransom Motorcycles first caught our attention a couple of years back by sourcing sportbike engines for its customs instead of the traditional V-Twin. The prior builds were heavier on bodywork, showcasing Ransom’s sheet metal skills, so when we got our first peek at the aggressive, streamlined-design of his latest build, The Serpent, we liked this new direction.

Ransom's latest creation takes its lines and hones them to a razor-sharp edge in the exotic motorcycle called The Serpent.
The bike is full of points and angles, from the spear-like end caps on the 56mm Mean Street fork to the blades of the black RMD Billet Predator Wheels. The tank’s lines roll down the back before coming to a point at the small, sheet metal tail. The aluminum radiator shrouds on both sides of the bike look like they’d cut your finger if you ran it down their edge. Even the shields at the end of the stainless steel exhausts are aggressively angled. The Serpent looks more like a Euro-style streetfighter than the creation of a small custom house out of Jersey.
Look for welds connecting the tank, seat, and tail and you won’t find them. The artistry of the bike’s topside might be Ransom’s crowning achievement in fabrication. The fuel tank, seat, tail, taillight, battery box and instrument panel are contained in one aluminum piece. They integrate so seamlessly that, as Ransom put it, “looks like it’s poured from a mold.”

The sides of the tank rise up to form two scalloped ridges. In between the ridges, a digital speedo and an analog tach from a GSX-R are integrated into the top of the tank. The tank’s fluid design flows cleanly into the small triangular patch of a seat by Kustom Seat Kreations, and with no rear fender, Ransom incorporated the taillights under the seat. The amazing part is, when it comes time to service the engine, just loosen five bolts and the whole top comes off.
All of this sits perfectly on the backbone of a silver tubular trellis frame. To give the bike the same aggressive attitude inside as out, Ransom sourced the formidable powerplant from a 2008 GSX-R1000. Just as in Eve, the frame sits below the tubular frame and serves as a stressed member. Ransom generally decides on what engine to run before building so when it comes time to mount the mill it’s a bolt-on job for the most part. He also used the stock Gixxer Thou transmission, but the 4-into-1 exhausts running below the bike are his design.
The combination of no fender on the backside along with a single-sided swingarm put the full focus on the black mass of the 300mm Avon Venom tire (The Serpent, Venom, Predators – I sense a theme here). The thick swingarm he made is attached to dual Works Performance Shocks, a feature the owner appreciated as he went out on his 150-mile weekend ride a few weeks back.

The bike is long and low, with a 69-inch wheelbase and a fork set out at a 39-degree angle. The 21-inch tall front tire helps maintain the bike’s aesthetic balance between its beefy backside. The rider’s triangle is sport-oriented with the black Ransom-made handlebars set low, the Vortex foot controls rearset and a moderate seat height .
Small features like silicone brake lines and a compact, powerful Eurocomponents headlight complement the tidy build. Ransom sought the services of Xtreme Kreations’ Jim Caruso to apply the wicked paint and pinstriping that breathe life into the bike. Ransom’s signature Cross logo, a testament to the One who inspires his work, is painted in the middle of the side-mounted license plate holder and on top of the headlight. No weight is listed, but Wayne has a habit of keeping his builds on the lower end of the scale by using aircraft-grade aluminum and Titanium. With a low curb weight (for a custom), a screaming literbike engine, and a chassis capable of keeping that power planted, Ransom wants his customs to be ridden hard, stating “I don’t like to compromise performance for looks.”
It’s a treat in this business to witness a custom builder’s skills evolve. With many talented builders out there, But Ransom has come a long way since we first met. His fabrication skills warrant attention, and something tells me we’ll be seeing him again somewhere along this long and dusty road.

Looking back at the Shelby GT 500 Mustang.

2010-12-05T11:34:00.000-08:00

The Ford Mustang is an American automobile, originally based on the Ford Falcon compact named after the Southern Methodist University Mascot. The first production Mustang, a white convertible with red interior rolled off the assembly line in Dearborn, Michigan on March 9, 1964. Introduced to the public at the New York World's Fair on April 17, 1964, and via all three American television networks on April 19, it was the most successful product launch in automotive history, setting off near-pandemonium at Ford dealers across the continent. The original Mustang inspired the term pony car and prompted many imitators. The Mustang's combination of sporty design, low price, and overall performance allowed it to sell over one million units in its first 18 months on the market. After a number of different generations and redesigns, the Mustang remains available today.

Though the Mustang features equine artwork throughout, it was named after the World War II-era P-51 Mustang.

Engineering.

Surprisingly, for all its style and well-marketed sporty design, the Mustang was based heavily on familiar, yet simple components. Much of the chassis, suspension, and drive train was derived from the Ford Falcon and Ford Fairlane. The car had a unitized platform-type frame from the 1964 Falcon, and welcoming box-section side rails, including five welded crossmembers. Although hardtop Mustangs were the majority in sales, durability problems with the new frame led to the unusual step of engineering the (necessarily less rigid) convertible first, which ensured adequate stiffness. Overall length of the Mustang and Falcon was identical, at 181.6 in (4613 mm), although the Mustang's wheelbase at 108 in (2743 mm) was slightly shorter. With an overall width of 68.2 in (1732 mm), it was 3.4 in (86 mm) narrower, although wheel track was nearly identical. Shipping weight, about 2570 lb (1170 kg) with six-cylinder engine, was also similar. A full-equipped, V8 model weighed about 3000 lb (1360 kg).

Built to order.

Much of the appeal (and the high profit) in such a low-priced car came from the options list. The Mustang's long list of optional equipment has enabled buyers to fully customize their cars to their tastes and budgets. It also resulted in typical transaction prices hundreds of dollars above the base price, making the Mustang profitable not only for the dealer but also for the manufacturer.

The option list included several power train combinations; the buyer could choose a 3 speed or four-speed manual transmission]] ($115.90 or $188.00 with six-cylinder or eight-cylinder engines, respectively) or the three-speed Cruise-O-Matic automatic transmission ($179.80 or $189.60). The standard six-cylinder engine could be replaced with a 164 hp (122 kW) 260 in³ (4.2 L) for $116.00 or a 210 hp (157 kW) 289 in³ (4.7 L) V8. Boasting the V8 and four-speed manual, the Mustang Road & Track recorded a 0-60 mph (0-96 km/h) time of 8.9 seconds, with the standing quarter mile in 17 seconds at 85 mph. Starting in June 1964, the new 271 hp (202 kW) "K-code" High Performance engine became available. At $442.60 (not counting the mandatory four-speed transmission you had to get on a K code engine) it was the single most expensive Mustang option, and only 7,273 of the 680,992 Mustangs sold in 1965 were equipped. With a skilled driver, K-code/4-speed equipped Mustangs could do 0-60 in around 6 seconds, and put down mid 14-second ¼ mile times with ease.

Other options included: limited-slip differential, styled wheels and wheel covers, power steering, power brakes, air conditioning, center console, a vinyl top, various radios, a bench seat, and various other accessories. Disc brakes for the front wheels became optional later in 1965. The list would continue to grow through much of the Mustang's history, in which added trim packages like the Interior Decor Group (or "pony interior") and GT package (which included disc brakes, a handling package with stiffer springs, shock absorbers, stiffer front anti-roll bar, fast-ratio steering, and duel exhaust . Additional engine choices and convenience items are well known for the Mustang.

Coming to market.

Because the timing of the car's introduction coincided perfectly with the first wave of the postwar "baby boom", the Mustang entered the market with a strong force, which was heading off to work in a strong economy. Incredibly, no domestic manufacturer up until that time had anything that remotely resembled an affordable, yet youthful and sophisticated automobile aimed at this burgeoning market, and Iacocca knew it. Despite his repeated attempts to receive the go-ahead to produce such a car, his proposals fell on mostly deaf ears. Although the company was still smarting financially after the demise of the Edsel Division in late 1959, upper management at Ford under Robert McNamara (later United States Secretary of Defense under Lyndon Johnson) wasn't willing to take such a major risk.

Still, Iacocca persevered and was given the green light to produce the Mustang in mid-1962, which gave the design team only eighteen months to design and develop the car. Not only did the project wrap up in under eighteen months, it wrapped up under budget, thanks to the decision for the use of many existing mechanical parts as possible. As far as the design itself was concerned, Ford stylists basically threw out the company handbook on design limitations. This single handedly pushed the stamp of technology of the time to its limit in such design areas as the sweep of the rear lower valence and the remarkably complicated front end stampings and castings. Curved side glass was used as well, but at a stern price considering the technology to produce distortion-free curved safety glass was still in its early stages. Though most of the mechanical parts were directly taken from the Falcon, the Mustang's body shell was completely different from the Falcon's, sporting a shorter wheelbase, wider track, lower seating position, and overall height. An industry first, The "torque box," was an innovative structural system that greatly stiffened the Mustang's unitized body construction and further helped contribute to its excellent handling; at least compared to other cars of the time.

When the Mustang hit the market, there was nothing like it. It was perfect for young hip adults and the talk of the new teen power scene.

From sporty car to sports car.

Some minor changes to the Mustang occurred at the start of 1965 model year production, a mere five months after its introduction. First was an almost complete change to the engine lineup. The 170 in³ (2.8 L) I6 engine made way for a new 200 in³ (3.3 L) version which had 120 hp (89 kW) at 4400 rpm and 190 ft·lbf (258 N•m) at 2400 rpm. Production of the 260 in³ (4.2 L) engine ended with the close of the 1964 model year. With a new, two-barrel carbureted 200 hp (149 kW) 289 in³ (4.7 L) engine taking its place as the base V8, people started to get excited. A 225 hp (168 kW) four-barrel 289 in³ (4.7 L) was next in line, followed by the unchanged "Hi-Po" 289. The DC generator was replaced by a new AC alternator on all Fords and the now-famous Mustang GT was introduced. Available was a four-barrel engine with any body style. Additionally, reverse lights were an option added to the car in 1965. Originally, the Mustang was available as either a hardtop or convertible. During the car's early design phases, however, a fastback model was strongly considered. The Mustang 2+2 fastback made its inaugural debut with its swept-back rear glass and distinctive ventilation louvers.

A machine built for the ages, Carroll Shelby converted (with Ford Motor Company's blessing), a special model designed with only two things in mind; winning races and beating the Chevrolet Corvette. Designated simply as the "GT-350", these purpose-built performance cars started as "Wimbledon White" fastbacks with black interiors. The fastbacks were shipped from the San Jose, California assembly plant and fitted with a Hi-Po 289, four-speed manual transmission, and included front disc brakes. Also shortened hoods and rear seats with identifying trim were among other visual variations. These few cars were converted to street, road racing, and drag cars in Shelby's plant at Los Angeles International Airport.

Modifications to both the street and racing versions included: side-exiting exhausts, Shelby 15 in (380 mm) magnesium wheels (though some early cars were fitted with the factory steel wheels), fiberglass hoods with functional scoops, relocated front control arms, (to reduce understeer and neutralize handling), quicker steering, Koni shock absorbers, a Detroit Locker rear end with Ford Galaxie drum brakes, metallic brake linings at all four corners, rear-mounted batteries, rear anti-sway bars with souped-up front anti-sway bar, dash-mounted gauges, a fiberglass parcel shelf and spare tire holder where the rear seat was intended to be. Among other engine modifications, considerable overhaul boosted output to 306 hp (228 kW). Hot Rod Magazine recorded a 0-60 time of 5.7 seconds.

When Ford stiffened the car's basic body structure, they included a front angled brace intended for the export models and so-called "Monte Carlo" bar; triangulating the under-hood shock absorber towers. Though Shelby's influence on the car diminished as Ford's grew, the 1965 to 1970 GT-350 and its "big-block" brother, the 1967 to 1970 GT-500 are among the most sought-after, and valued automobiles in the world; so too are the high-performance models offered over the years by other automotive tuners following in Shelby's footsteps.

Carroll Shelby also had a special GT500 in mind, called the Super Snake. Instead of the 428, the Super Snake got an all aluminum version of the upgraded side-oiler FE motor in the 427 S/C Shelby Cobra, estimated at around 600 horsepower. Unfortunately, the staggering sticker price offset the public's interest in this concept, and only one was ever documented, with that one still in existence today.

The industry reacts.

In its first two years of production, three Ford Motor Company plants in San Jose, California; Dearborn, Michigan; and Metuchen, New Jersey produced nearly 1.5 million Mustangs, a record unequalled before or since. It was a success that left General Motors utterly unprepared and the Chrysler Corporation only slightly less so. Chrysler had just introduced a car only a few weeks before that would be a competitor, the Plymouth Barracuda. Though the "'Cuda" would grow into one of the most revered muscle cars of all time, it started out at as just a Plymouth Valiant with a hastily grafted fastback rear window. As for GM, they were certain that they had a Mustang fighter in their rear-engine Corvair Monza, but sales figures didn't even come close. The Monza was a fine performer, but boasted a six-cylinder, not competing to the Mustang's available eight-cylinder. It took GM until the 1967 model year to counter with the Chevrolet Camaro and Pontiac Firebird. Even Lincoln-Mercury joined the fray in 1967 with the introduction of an "upmarket Mustang" (and subsequent Motor Trend Car of the Year), the Mercury Cougar. The Cougar name had originally been given to the Mustang during the development phase. In 1968 American Motors (AMC) would introduce the Javelin and later, the 2-seat high-performance AMX. This genre of small, sporty, and often powerful automobiles was unofficially dubbed the "pony car" as a tribute to the car that started it all. The 1968 Mustang fastback gained pop culture status when it was used to great effect as Steve McQueen's car of choice in the crime thriller Bullitt. The Mustang was pitted against the Dodge Charger in the film's famous car chase through the streets of San Francisco. The Mustang also got a boost in its already high-performance image when Holman-Moody racing ordered 15 1966 Mustangs for use in the A/FX drag racing class. These Mustangs were turned into brutes, thanks to the incredible 427 Single-overhead-cam Hemi-headed V-8. Seriously underrated at 657 horsepower with 2-4bbls, these motors were absolute screamers, redlining at over 10000 rpm. Drivers routinely made passes in the mid-10's, with trap speeds around 130-135 mph, not too shabby considering the pathetic traction that slicks of the day provided, not to mention the mustang's aerodynamics (or rather, lack thereof).

The Mustang grows up.

The 1966 Mustang debuted with only moderate trim changes, and a few new options such as an automatic transmission for the "Hi-Po," a new interior and exterior colors, an AM/eight-track "Stereosonic" sound system, and one of the first AM/FM monaural radios available in any car. The 1967 model year would see the first of the Mustang's many major redesigns with the installation of big-block V8 engines in mind. The high-performance 289 option now took a supporting role on the option sheet behind a massive 335 hp 390 in³ (6.4 L) engine direct from the Thunderbird, which was equipped with a four-barrel carburetor. Stock 390/4speed equipped Mustangs of the day were recording ¼ mile times of mid 13's [1], with trap speeds of over 105 mph. A drag racer for the street took a stand during the middle of the 1968 model year, as the 428 Cobra Jet (7.0 L) officially rated at 335 hp (250 kW), but in reality producing well in excess of 400 hp. 1969 saw the introduction of both the car's third body style and a hand-built muscle car intended solely to satisfy the homologation rules of NASCAR, the Boss 429.

Available in 1969 and 1970 only, with a standard Mustang SportsRoof (the new corporate name for the fastback) and the new Mach 1 muscle car version's deluxe interior, the Boss 429 sported none of the garish decals and paint schemes of the day. Only a hood scoop and 15 in (380 mm) "Magnum 500" wheels fitted with Goodyear "Polyglas" tires, with a small "BOSS 429" decal on each front fender, hinted that most powerful Ford V8 of all time was fitted under the hood. Ford intentionally underrated the Boss 429 for advantages both in racing as well as insurability at 375 hp (280 kW) and 450 ft·lbf (610 N•m) of torque. Several dynos showed it to be more around 500-525 horsepower, at very high rpm however. Even with racing touches straight from the factory such as aluminum heads with hemispherical combustion chambers, along with a combination of O-rings and seals in place of head gaskets, it was believed that yet another 75 to 100 hp (50 to 75 kW) was on tap once the single four-barrel carburetor, intake, the restrictive factory exhaust system, and engine speed governor were either replaced or removed. While power steering was a "mandatory option" on the Boss 429, neither an automatic transmission nor air conditioning was available. In the case of the latter, there simply wasn't enough room under the hood. It should be noted that due to the extremely free breathing capabilities of these heads, combined with the smallish carburetor(the Boss 302 had a larger one) and restrictive exhaust, it wasn't necessarily the best choice for a street car, especially since the rev limiter was locking in its revving potential. The Boss 429 made its power in a significantly higher RPM range than most other big block street cars, much like the 426 street hemis, and of course street racing was prevalent in the day. Owners of these could often be surprised by "lesser" cars of the day in stop light drag racing.

Also available during that two-year period was another homologation special for the up-and-coming sport of Trans-American sedan racing. The Boss 302 was Ford's attempt to mix the power of a muscle car with the handling prowess of a sports car. The automotive press gushed over the result, deeming it the car "the GT-350 should have been." Boasting a graphic scheme penned by Ford designer Larry Shinoda, the "Baby Boss" was powered by an engine that was essentially a combination of the new-for-1968 302 in³ (4.9 L) V8 and topped with cylinder heads from the yet to be released new-for-1970 351 in³ (5.8 L) "Cleveland". This combination meant that the Boss 302 was good for a conservatively rated 290 hp (216 kW) through its four-speed manual transmission. Ford originally intended to call the car Trans Am, but Pontiac had beaten them to it, applying the name to a special version of the Firebird. In the ¼ mile the Boss 302 could post very similar times to the Boss 429, oddly enough, despite the smaller displacement and an incredibly free-breathing induction system in the car. It should be noted that the blocks from these cars are incredibly strong, and Ford Racing plans on selling new Boss 302 blocks in the near future.

McLaren MP4-12C.

2010-11-21T10:00:00.000-08:00

The McLaren MP4-12C is revealed as the first in a range of high-performance sports cars from McLaren Automotive, the independent car division based at the McLaren Technology Centre in Woking, England. The 12C, and future models within the range, will challenge the world's best sports cars, benefiting from the expertise and virtuosity of the McLaren Group.

Twenty years of sports car design, engineering and production combined with inspirational success in Formula 1 have driven Ron Dennis, McLaren Automotive Chairman, to announce his plans for the ultimate line-up of technology-led and customer-focused performance cars for the 21st century. The rules in the sports car world are about to be re-written.

Through a rich modern history, McLaren's automotive division has already built the world's most critically acclaimed supercar, the McLaren F1 (1993-1998) and the world's best-selling luxury supercar, the Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren (2003-2009). McLaren Automotive now looks to the future with a new range of revolutionary sports cars.

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"It is a long-held dream of mine to launch a range of high performance sports cars that set new standards in the industry," said Dennis.

"We began designing and building cars for aficionados of thoroughbred sports cars almost 20 years ago. Incorporating the leading edge technologies that the McLaren Group has built up within its various companies, I believe we are now perfectly placed to open up this new chapter in McLaren's history as well as play a part in the regeneration of high-tech manufacturing in the UK and global automotive environment," he concluded.

At its heart, the McLaren MP4-12C features a revolutionary carbon fibre chassis structure, the Carbon MonoCell: the first time a car in this market segment is based around such a strong and lightweight racing car engineering solution and the first time any car has ever featured a one-piece carbon fibre structure.

This step change in sports car design means that the 12C introduces new standards not just in handling, ride and outright performance, but also safety, economy and practicality in an already competitive sector.

Martin Whitmarsh, Team Principal of McLaren's racing team highlighted the integral part that McLaren's motorsport and road car experience played in developing the 12C: "McLaren has for years offered a potent mix of race car and road car technologies. This combination of McLaren's performance heritage, and future demands on what is expected of high performance sports cars in the 21st century, gave us a head-start when we embarked on this project. The 12C, and future variants, draws on the spirit of Formula 1 and delivers real-world technological advances."

The first car from the new company, the McLaren MP4-12C, is a high performance two-seat mid-engine model in the 'core' sports car market segment for cars costing between £125,000 and £175,000. The 12C is pure McLaren, featuring no carryover parts from any other car, and will be produced by McLaren in the UK. It goes on sale through a dedicated, worldwide retailer network in early 2011.

"McLaren is already a car maker with maturity and experience, having produced iconic cars such as the F1," said Antony Sheriff, McLaren Automotive Managing Director.

"The next step was to construct a range of pure McLaren high performance sports cars that are true to the company's philosophy and reflect our position as an absolute technology and performance leader. So, when we embarked on the 12C project, we wanted to re-write the rules of sports car design. Indeed, the 12C offers performance and technology that exceeds that of the world's most expensive and sophisticated supercars, while competing in a much more accessible market segment. And to achieve this result, we designed every component from scratch to meet the extreme goals of the 12C and avoid any compromise."

"Forget what you know about sports car companies, McLaren is different," he concluded.

Inside out

The heart of the new car is the Carbon MonoCell. McLaren pioneered the use of carbon composite construction in the 1981 Formula 1 MP4/1 model and set a trend that all Formula 1 teams have followed. The company brought carbon fibre to road cars for the first time with the 1993 McLaren F1 and then built on this experience with a carbon fibre chassis and body on the SLR manufactured to the same exacting standards, but in higher volumes.

So, until now, carbon chassis have remained the preserve of the most expensive exotic cars; a purchase for the super-rich where costs are driven by the complexity of carbon fibre chassis design and build.

The 12C changes this by introducing the advantages of carbon composite - light weight, high strength and torsional rigidity, and longevity - to a more affordable sector through its revolutionary engineering as a one-piece moulding. Never before has a carbon fibre chassis been produced this way.

The 12C MonoCell not only brings dynamic benefits, but also offers fundamental engineering opportunities that form the basis of the car's unique character. It has been designed to allow a much narrower structure overall which in turn contributes to a more compact car that is easier to position on the road and more rewarding to drive.

Not only is the 12C unique in its class by offering carbon technology, it also has the highest specific power output as well as extraordinary power- and torque-to-weight ratios. Furthermore, the Proactive Chassis Control system offers groundbreaking handling and ride comfort while an intense focus on occupant packaging offers new levels of comfort and everyday usability.

Antony Sheriff explained. "With the 12C we are redefining the relationship between performance and practicality, as well as performance and efficiency, achieving leading positions in both. We have designed this car from the inside out. We have a saying in McLaren - 'everything for a reason' and the 12C will surprise people in many ways.

"A clear illustration of its special qualities is in the efficiency of its power delivery. With the 12C's power output of around 600hp and its low CO2 emissions, it delivers the highest horsepower to CO2 ratio of any car on the market today with an internal combustion engine...and that includes petrol and diesel hybrids," Sheriff concluded.

Pure McLaren.

All the parts of the McLaren MP4-12C are bespoke and unique to this car. Everything from the engine right down to the tailor-made switches and buttons is pure McLaren: nothing has come from another manufacturer's parts bin.

The 12C is powered by a bespoke McLaren 'M838T' 3.8 litre, V8 twin-turbo engine producing around 600bhp, driving through a McLaren seven speed Seamless Shift dual clutch gearbox (SSG). It is targeting not only new standards for power and performance in its sector, but also class-leading fuel economy and CO2 emissions; supported by McLaren's experience of active aerodynamics to aid cooling, grip, handling and road holding.

"The 12C is all about performance," said Sheriff. "And in McLaren, we have a very broad definition of performance. We don't just look at the traditional one-dimensional parameters like top speed, we focus equally on useable measures such as in-gear acceleration times, braking performance in all conditions, and efficiency of power delivery combined with the lowest possible fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Sure, 12C is very fast, but it is also the most efficient, most driveable high-performance sports car in the world.

"In the more subjective areas of road-holding, handling, comfort, driver involvement and day-to-day usability, McLaren is achieving new standards for a mid-engined high performance sports car in this sector," he concluded.

Thorough engineering and market research led to concept development and a clear decision in favour of a mid-engined two door high performance sports car. Intensive work was carried out in the wind tunnel and the driving simulator to ensure that the new car would inherently have superb dynamic qualities.

Dick Glover, McLaren Automotive Technical Director, was closely involved with the development of these invaluable tools during his time with McLaren's Formula 1 race team.

"There are so many examples of race car process and technology transfer in the 12C," claimed Glover. "The car owes much to McLaren's experience and success in motor sport. The advantage of technology transfer is only one element; speed of decision-making and development, F1 processes and people all make an important contribution.

"Brake Steer, for example, is a technology we pioneered on our Formula 1 car back in 1997. It helps to dial out understeer on entry to a corner and improves traction on the way out. Another is the Pre-Cog function on the gearshift rocker that effectively primes the gearbox ready for the next change, ensuring a more satisfying and faster gearchange. This is a high performance sports car with race car genes and teamwork at its heart."

Adding lightness.

Weight is the enemy of performance in every area of car design. It affects acceleration, speed, handling, fuel consumption and CO2 emissions - everything. McLaren Automotive engineers pursued weight saving obsessively. For example:

    * The Carbon MonoCell not only reduces the weight of the structure but also allows for the use of much lighter weight body panels.
    * The close position of the driver and passenger allows a narrower, lighter body while giving improved visibility with a clearer perception of the car's extremities.
    * Brakes with forged aluminium hubs save 8 kg and weigh less than optional carbon ceramic brakes.
    * Lightweight exhaust pipes exit straight out the rear of the car, minimizing their length and weight.
    * Airflow-assisted Airbrake deployment dramatically reduces weight of the Airbrake activation system.
    * Small, compact downsized engine coupled to lightweight compact SSG minimizes vehicle length, weight and polar moment of inertia.
    * Significant weight was pared off the alloy wheels through intensive Finite Element Analysis of wall thicknesses.
    * The engine cooling radiators were mounted at the rear, as close to the engine as possible, to minimize the pipework, the fluids contained within them, and therefore weight. They were also mounted in car line to minimize vehicle width.

"We have spent most of the programme 'adding lightness'," said Mark Vinnels, McLaren Automotive Programme Director. "If the cost of reducing weight brought performance gains in speed, handling or economy, we did it. However, if the expense could deliver improved performance elsewhere we didn't pursue it. We never set weight targets as such; we set cost-to-performance targets and examined everything in this way.

"A good example of this philosophy is that we considered carbon fibre body panels. They would have reduced weight but added little benefit as the new one-piece Carbon MonoCell provides all of the torsional strength the body needs. The costs saved were used elsewhere for greater weight reduction and efficiencies overall. This was the holistic approach to weight saving that we used all the way through development," he concluded.

Design: everything for a reason.

The McLaren MP4-12C design follows similar principles to McLaren's Formula 1 cars, and the legendary McLaren F1, where everything is for a reason and all lines, surfaces, and details are designed with a job in mind as much as styled. This ensures that the 12C communicates its engineering through its styling and will remain timeless as a piece of automotive design.

Frank Stephenson, McLaren Automotive Design Director: "Many sports cars and super cars present an 'in-your-face', 'look-at-me' image that can become wearing and boorish; the ultimate backhanded compliment becomes, "…it was of its time". Great design, however, is timeless and looks relevant years later. Take the McLaren F1 as an example. I hope that with the 12C we have produced a car that looks great today and will still look great in years to come."

The 12C's body has been styled to support sector-leading levels of downforce; downforce that then subsequently contributes to sector-leading levels of lateral grip and stability. Air flow has been manically managed to support all performance figures and light weight targets. For example, placing the radiators adjacent to the engine keeps the car narrow and reduces weight. However, this results in a huge challenge of ensuring ample air flow to the radiators. The result? The large side air scoops and integrated turning vanes that are dramatic, but purely functional. No larger or smaller than required.

The designer's challenge is to then take that styling purpose driven by engineering aspirations and add personality. That's why the air scoops resemble the McLaren logo in form, as do other features around the car.

Just two 'pure' lines flow round the car and, when combined with the integration of several dramatic convex and concave surfaces, present a car that looks compact, low and well proportioned.

The market opportunity for McLaren.

"I am confident that now is the right time for McLaren Automotive to become a full line high performance sports car manufacturer," stated Ron Dennis.

"Worldwide demand for high performance cars is strong, in large part because of great cars from great competitors. With McLaren joining that list, it will grow stronger still. What we are offering is a new approach to the market, through a skilled, solid, debt-free and risk-managed company. McLaren is right to take this step now and support future growth of high-technology manufacturing and engineering jobs in the UK," Dennis declared.

The market for high performance sports cars has grown substantially since the turn of the century. McLaren divides the market into segments that encompass both more comfort-orientated GT cars and the hard-edged supercars for road and track use.

The 'core' segment runs from around £125,000 to £175,000 featuring such cars as the Ferrari 458, Lamborghini Gallardo, Porsche 911 Turbo, Bentley Continental GT and Aston Martin DB9. A second segment is the 'high' category with prices ranging from £175,000 to £250,000 and consists largely of front-engined GT cars such as Ferrari 599 GTB and Ferrari 612, with just one mid-engined contender, the Lamborghini Murcielago.

The final segment is the 'ultimate' group, a sector more or less initiated by the McLaren F1 in 1993 and now populated by a select group of cars including the Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren, Bugatti Veyron, and cars from the likes of Pagani and Koenigsegg that followed legends such as the Porsche Carrera GT and Ferrari Enzo. In 2011, McLaren will bring technology and performance exclusive to this 'ultimate' sector into the 'core' segment.

Although the recent economic downturn has affected the performance car sector, just as it has the entire motor industry, McLaren Automotive believes that the 'core' segment's growth from 8,000 sales in 2000 to more than 28,000 in 2007 highlights the potential that exists and that it will soon return to at least 2007 levels.

"By the time the 12C is launched in 2011 we expect the economic conditions to be much improved. We have already seen significant interest in the car and the supply of the 12C will be relatively scarce; in its first year we plan to produce just 1,000 cars which represents only 3.5 per cent of the 'core' market," explained Antony Sheriff.

"We have created ground-breaking new technology, lightweight engineering solutions, and harnessed real-world motor racing applications. It brings new levels of performance, fuel efficiency and practicality to the 12C's segment. And it will be more exclusive than its principal competition with a price that reflects its lack of ubiquity," he said.

McLaren Automotive will distribute the 12C and future models through a brand-new retail network in all global markets.

Exclusivity, exquisite design and a passionate focus on delivering a wonderful ownership experience will ensure that the small number of retailers around the world are taking on an attractive new brand. This approach will drive excellent customer service and a virtuous circle that retains McLaren customers and brings in new converts as the range expands.

McLaren MP4-12C - what's in a name?

The name of the new McLaren sports car is MP4-12C.

What does this signify? As one might expect at McLaren, everything has a purpose and the nomenclature is no exception.

    * 'MP4' has been the chassis designation for all McLaren Formula 1 cars since 1981. It stands for McLaren Project 4, resulting from the merger of Ron Dennis' Project 4 organisation with McLaren.
    * The '12' refers to McLaren's internal Vehicle Performance Index through which it rates key performance criteria both for competitors and for its own cars. The criteria combine power, weight, emissions, and aerodynamic efficiency. The coalition of all these values delivers an overall performance index that has been used as a benchmark throughout the car's development.
    * The 'C' refers to Carbon, highlighting the unique application of carbon fibre technology to the future range of McLaren sports cars.

The elements of this name represent everything that the McLaren MP4-12C stands for:

    * 'MP4' represents the racing bloodline
    * '12' represents the focus on complete performance and efficiency
    * 'C' represents the revolutionary Carbon MonoCell

"We are very proud of the McLaren MP4-12C and all the teamwork, intelligent thought and sheer effort that have gone into developing this car. What drives people at McLaren is passion - if you cut them, they bleed McLaren. And there is no doubt in my mind that the 12C fully reflects that focus, drive and determination in its performance, style and ownership potential," said Ron Dennis, McLaren Automotive Chairman.

"This is the start of an exciting new chapter in McLaren's history, in British high-technology engineering and manufacturing, and in global sports car design. We aim to be the best, but will leave that ultimate judgement to our first customers in 2011. Until then, we will strive to put one name at the top of the 'most wanted' list for buyers of high performance sports cars: 'McLaren'," he concluded.

A carbon fibre heart.

Light weight and performance are defining philosophies at McLaren. But outright power alone is of little significance if a car's weight saps output or if that power is unmanageable and compromises the driving experience or results in unacceptable emissions.

Fundamentally, it is critical to keep weight as low as possible. Increased customer demands for safety and advanced features all mean that shaving weight is ever more difficult. However, at McLaren saving weight remains a passion and at the heart of the McLaren MP4-12C is a carbon fibre composite chassis: the Carbon MonoCell.

This revolutionary structure is the automotive version of a McLaren innovation that started with Formula 1 back in 1981 and delivers both weight savings and performance gains. It is a technology cascade in which McLaren brought carbon composite technology from the aerospace industry to make the MP4/1 F1 car, the first Formula 1 car to benefit from the strength, weight and safety of carbon fibre.

McLaren's Formula 1 carbon fibre technology then offered the company the opportunity of applying its expertise to road car applications. The first ever road car to be constructed of this material was the McLaren F1 produced in 1993, albeit in small numbers. The F1 was followed by the Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren that also shared this rare expertise.

Only a handful of other cars in the market offer such technology today and all of them lie in the 'ultimate' segment. No manufacturer has brought the advantages of carbon composite technology to a more affordable sector of the market. But the 12C does, through engineering passion and a relentless pursuit of efficiency.

So, McLaren did it first with the F1, the world's fastest car for many years, then in the highest volume with SLR, which almost doubled the volume of the next highest produced carbon fibre-based high performance sports car by selling over 2,100 units. Now, through revolutionary one-piece moulding of the MonoCell, McLaren brings a carbon composite chassis down to the 'core' category, where currently only traditional metal structures are offered.

The advantages this technology brings are light weight, high torsional rigidity, a very strong safety cell, low perishability, ease of repair and extreme dimensional accuracy.

The 12C MonoCell weighs less than 80 kg. Carbon fibre contributes to the car's low overall weight and it forms the structural basis for the whole car. The tub's torsional rigidity is considerably stiffer than a comparable alloy structure.

This inherent lack of flex means the unique front suspension system, which is mounted directly onto the MonoCell, requires less compromise for flex of the suspension itself. Therefore, it is easier to develop the unique balance between fine ride and precise handling that McLaren has targeted. The MonoCell also offers greater occupant safety. It acts as a safety survival cell, as it does for a Formula 1 car.

Carbon composites do not degrade over time like metal structures that fatigue. One is able to get into a 15-year-old McLaren F1 and there is none of the tiredness or lack of structural integrity that afflicts traditional cars that have suffered a hard life. The 12C will feel as good as new in this respect for decades.

And in the event of an accident, the light weight aluminium alloy front and rear structures are designed to absorb impact forces in a crash and can be replaced relatively easily. Aluminium extrusions and castings are jig welded into the finished assembly and bolted directly to the MonoCell. Cars with full aluminium chassis use their structure to absorb and crumple on impact, which implies more fundamental damage (and expense) to the whole structure, including the passenger cell, in a major accident.

McLaren has pioneered a new carbon fibre production process that allows the MonoCell to be produced to exacting quality standards, in a single piece, in only four hours, compared to the dozens of carbon components (and dozens of production hours) that normally feature in a carbon fibre chassis structure. This naturally brings huge efficiency and quality benefits. The MonoCell project is managed by Claudio Santoni, McLaren Automotive Body Structures Function Manager.

"It was clear that we needed to develop a car with a carbon fibre structure. After all, McLaren has never made a car with a metal chassis!" said Santoni.

"The whole 12C project is based on the concept of the MonoCell. This means that McLaren can launch into the market with greater performance than our rivals and a safer structure. To put it into perspective, if the costs and complexity of producing a McLaren F1 carbon fibre chassis are taken as a factor of 100, the 12C chassis production costs are reduced to a factor of seven or eight, without degrading the strength or quality of the carbon fibre structure. And this step-change in technology could make its way into more mainstream cars," he concluded.

Getting the production process right is the result of five years of extensive research. Now that the process is perfected, it allows McLaren to produce the MonoCell repeatedly at very high quality.

"Not many people in the automobile world work to standards demanded by the aerospace industry," claimed Mark Vinnels, McLaren Automotive Programme Director.

"Our ability to analyse and predict the performance of carbon fibre is in line with aerospace technology and is truly world class, particularly in the sense of predicting failure, which is obviously key in managing crash events and passive safety.

"We can now predict failure levels at individual ply level in the carbon composite and the results are absolutely correlating with what we predicted," he concluded.

The finished MonoCell emerges in one piece and this new process could revolutionise car design. It avoids the need to bond different parts to make the whole structure, as with all other carbon fibre cars. It is hollow, saving further weight, and the integrity of production ensures the location of suspension and ancillaries is accurate to the finest of tolerances.

Powertrain: pure McLaren.

The McLaren MP4-12C is powered by a twin-turbocharged, 3.8 litre 90° V8 engine - the 'M838T'. This marks the start of a new era in 'core' segment sports cars - smaller capacity, lighter weight, higher efficiency and more economical power units. The engine has the highest specific power output in its segment which, when allied to its low weight carbon composite chassis, delivers exemplary power- and torque-to-weight ratios.

'M838T' is a unique McLaren power unit, developed specifically for the 12C. It is compact, lightweight, very stiff, and offers an uncompromising combination of very high performance and good driveability, with excellent economy and CO2 emission values.

Taking power and emissions in combination (measured by its horsepower to CO2 ratio), the 12C delivers its power at greater efficiency than any other car on the market with an internal combustion engine, including hybrids.

'M838T' features dual variable valve timing and produces around 600bhp and 600Nm of torque. A dry sump and flat plane crankshaft allow the engine to be placed extremely low in the chassis thereby lowering the centre of gravity and improving handling responses. It also features composite cam covers and intake manifolds, which reduce weight and heat transmission into the charge air, as well as Nikasil-coated aluminium liners for further weight reduction.

The McLaren engine revs to 8,500rpm, has quick transient throttle response and delivers its abundant torque throughout the rev range. A staggering 80 per cent of torque is available at below 2,000rpm, ensuring great driveability and no need to floor the throttle to deliver performance.

And it delivers a great soundtrack to highlight the engine's performance, flexibility and driveability. The sound of the engine has been thoroughly engineered through exhaust manifold design and tuning of the exhaust and intake systems to deliver a unique engine note.

The high level exhaust pipes exit through a mixing box, rather than a conventional and heavy silencer box. All parts of the exhaust system up to the mixing box feature sandwich layer heat-shielding that helps reduce heat from the engine bay. In just an 18mm gap, exhaust gas temperatures reduce from 900°C to 300°C.

The engine drives the rear wheels through two wet clutches and a McLaren-developed seven speed Seamless Shift dual clutch gearbox (SSG).

The Seamless Shift technology offers variable programmes ranging from 'normal' for road use and 'sport' for quicker changes still, right up to a lightning quick high performance mode. In addition an 'automatic' mode, 'launch control' and 'winter' modes can be selected, the latter changing all electronic functions to suit low friction conditions and delivering maximum driver aid and support. There is no traditional manual transmission offered; the two pedal layout offered further scope to create a narrow, and therefore light, car.

The 12C's SSG is a development on the automated and sequential manual gearboxes with paddle shifts that proliferate in the car market today. The character of the transmission will engage even experienced drivers with its responsiveness and its contribution to the whole dynamic package.

With minimal torque loss, there is none of the lurch, hesitation or unpredictability that characterise traditional automated-manual transmission systems.

Design of the SSG system was driven by a demanding mechanical package that not only reduced weight and improved dynamic control for the entire vehicle, but also delivered driver benefits.

It is lightweight and compact in design and positioned in exactly the best location. The input shaft lies very close to the output shaft to help position the entire powertrain low in the vehicle. Twin secondary shafts ensure any rear axle weight overhang is minimised and rear crash performance is uncompromised. The bespoke SSG is further complemented by an entirely new control system.

This obsessive attention to detail comes as second nature to McLaren, but is not just there to satisfy the engineers' passions. McLaren's designers have also engineered the system to work seamlessly with the driver.

The system reduces weight and benefits packaging targets, but also ensures that driving programmes and shift strategies take the driver's own inputs and uses them to directly control the engine's torque and speed to deliver performance, economy or comfort as requested.

Gears are changed using a Formula 1 style rocker shift that pivots in the centre of the steering wheel. It is actuated on either side of the steering wheel (pulling right changes up, pulling left down).

As with the McLaren Formula 1 car, a shift can be actuated either by pulling or by pushing on the rocker. The rocker moves with the steering wheel, rather than being mounted on the steering column, so that if a gearchange is needed while lock is being applied the driver does not have to fumble around to change gear.

The rocker itself incorporates an innovative feature created by McLaren engineers called Pre-Cog. The name stands for pre-cognition, literally 'foreknowledge'. The rocker on the 12C has two positions with a slightly different haptic (or feel) for each. The driver applies first pressure to the rocker and it informs the gearbox to get ready to swap ratios, thereby saving time - latency - between the message being sent and the gearbox being primed to act. The second pressure confirms that the gear should be changed and the torque handover is completed in milliseconds.

"What Pre-Cog actually does is initiate the shift process by priming the clutch and torque handover - it takes significant time out of the process," explained Dick Glover, Technical Director McLaren Automotive.

"It's a little bit like the first pressure on a camera shutter button. There's no requirement for the driver to use it but it is more satisfying and engaging if you do. The SSG also promotes seamless shifting in which the driver doesn't have to reduce engine power at all - rather than the gearshift slowing you down, it actually speeds the car up by recovering the energy of the crank spinning as it drops engine speed," he said.

In practice the latency of the shift is virtually zero, the actual gear change time is very fast and the level of impulse can be varied according to the gearbox mode. Considering that McLaren was the first Formula 1 team to introduce seamless shift gearchanges into motor racing, it was a natural step to develop such a bespoke transmission to its sports car project.

Chassis: Proactive control.

The suspension for the McLaren MP4-12C breaks new ground, offering hitherto unseen levels of roll control and grip (an almost flat cornering attitude, depending on the programme selected).

Although such track-like responses would normally imply a rock-hard ride, the 12C delivers compliance and ride comfort more akin to an executive saloon car. The mix of occupant cosseting and sporting potential is truly unique. The 12C offers the driver both class-leading ride comfort and class-leading performance.

The whole chassis package produces not only a unique relationship between ride and handling, but also astonishing lateral grip and outstanding traction. The 12C is poised and balanced whether negotiating high or low speed corners, during direction changes, under heavy or light braking and on tightening or opening corners.

The trick behind blending such opposing objectives lies in the innovative Proactive Chassis Control system, uncompromised geometry, and weight distribution.

The suspension is based on double wishbones with coil springs. The dampers are interconnected hydraulically and provide adaptive responses depending on both road conditions and driver preference.

The Proactive system features adjustable roll control which replaces the mechanical anti-roll bars that have been a standard feature of road cars since time immemorial. It allows the car to maintain precise roll control under heavy cornering while decoupling the suspension in a straight line for excellent wheel articulation and compliance.

There are three suspension modes that are selected on the Active Dynamics Panel. As with the powertrain adjustment, there is a 'normal', a 'sport' mode and a high performance mode which adjusts numerous parameters in the system.

Not only is the Proactive suspension a unique application that delivers absolute benefits to driver and passenger, but it is also another example of McLaren's drive to achieve all-round performance goals from core engineering targets.

For example, the unique blend of a compliant ride with ultra-sharp handling also delivers ownership benefits as it protects suspension bushes from wear and tear, with McLaren's research suggesting a potential for up to ten times more mileage than on some competitor cars. Also, the hydraulic pump that supports the dampers is the same pump that supports the electro-hydraulic steering system. Why use two pumps when one - small and lightweight - pump will do?

The powertrain packaging also contributes to the 12C's handling prowess.

The engine is mounted low down in order to lower the centre of gravity while the radiators are rear-mounted and reduce weight by saving on long piping to and from the engine (and the fluids they would hold). The value of rear-mounted radiators is key to the 12C's handling and balance. The more weight that can be concentrated within the wheelbase and towards the centre of gravity, the lower the polar moment of inertia, thereby improving corner turn in.

Another feature that helps the 12C to handle at a new level is a development of an electronic system used by McLaren's 1997 MP4/12 Formula 1 car, - Brake Steer. In essence, it is a system that brakes the inside rear wheel when the car is entering a corner too quickly to make the desired radius. Under normal circumstances the front would wash away wide of the apex the driver wants to touch: in other words, the car is in a state of understeer.

Brake Steer manages the tendency of a car to wash out and brings its nose back on line. It assesses the steering angle to determine the driver's intended course and applies the inside rear brake to increase yaw rate and resume the desired course.

The system also works on acceleration out of a corner when the inside rear has a tendency to spin, allowing the driver to put power down more quickly. It controls what a limited slip differential would do and obviates the need for such a complex and heavy unit, thus saving more valuable kilos.

The standard brakes for the 12C reduce overall vehicle and unsprung mass. McLaren has developed a composite braking system that uses a forged aluminium bell that attaches to the cast iron disc. This solution maintained the excellent brake feel of a cast iron disc while saving 8 kg. Carbon ceramic brakes will be available as an option, offering fade-free braking performance during high performance driving, but the standard composite brake system is actually lighter than the larger carbon ceramic units.

The design of the standard cast alloy wheels (19" front, 20" rear) was driven by McLaren's light weight objectives: the light weight styling was agreed in concept, then the wheel was tuned using Finite Element Analysis to take a further 4 kg out of the wheels. Bespoke Pirelli tyres have been developed in conjunction with McLaren specifically for the 12C.

An array of electronic aids is fitted to the 12C that will assist and protect the less-experienced driver, or when conditions challenge even the best. These include ABS, ESP, ASR traction control, Electronic Brake Distribution, Hill Hold and Brake Steer. The level of intervention varies according to the handling mode selected.

Design: everything for a reason.

The McLaren MP4-12C has been designed around a demanding mechanical package that puts emphasis on aerodynamics, compact dimensions, performance and efficiency, practicality and comfort. Although the design of the 12C was driven by aerodynamics, it aims to remain contemporary and elegant throughout its lifetime as well as distinctive among its peers.

Frank Stephenson, McLaren Automotive Design Director, helped finalise the design: "Like most designers it's a boyhood dream to work with high performance sports cars. They are the purest expression of speed and purpose and, with increased consumer demand in this market and environmental aims to the fore, offer designers the ultimate challenge.

The 12C design was therefore led by aerodynamics. At McLaren we have been able to use the Formula 1 techniques and the huge expertise that the company has amassed at the pinnacle of the sport," explained Stephenson.

"All the fins, vents and the flat underbody are there for a reason. No styling addenda have been incorporated for appeal or style alone. This aerodynamic purity explains why this car can hit top speed with great stability without resorting to tea tray wings or deep front air dams. I really feel that the styling communicates the 12C's engineering integrity and technical benefits and it is this purity that makes the design timeless."

The overall design theme supports engineering aerodynamic ambitions. Purity of lines then give the car its character. Successful car design is based on proportions and McLaren's styling team, whilst driven by the demands of the purest airflow, honed a mix of concave and convex surfaces that present balanced proportions and a feeling of lightness. Nothing is out of place on the car and surfaces interact smoothly and with purpose; surfaces that are integrated into the whole of the car along two continuous lines that flow round the body.

The front is very low since it does not have to house large engine cooling radiators, two of which are mounted longitudinally at the sides. This offers the added benefit of segment-leading space for storage under the bonnet.

The 12C's face is dominated by large and distinctive air intakes and bi-xenon headlights with LED running lights inspired by the form of the McLaren logo. The McLaren logo itself also graces the bonnet of a car for the first time.

Illumination from the running lights bleeds into three distinctive gills just above the headlamps. The windscreen is deep and low for superb forward visibility and redolent of the McLaren F1: in wet weather it is swept by a single weight-saving pantograph wiper blade, as was the F1.

Stephenson again: "The 12C does not reproduce the F1 design but it unashamedly builds on its functionally-driven engineering and design highlights such as the large, deep windscreen and the low cowl to give the driver good visibility for accurate placement on the road. Any similarities are there for a reason."

From the side, the 12C cannot be mistaken for another sports car. The dominant side air inlets act as turning vanes and help direct cooling air over the side radiators. This shape was designed and optimised using McLaren's extensive computational fluid dynamics capability. Likewise, the scalloped shoulders drive airflow to the airbrake, thereby enhancing its effectiveness in the aerodynamic package.

The other prevailing design characteristics are the dihedral doors (a hereditary gene from the McLaren F1), which has a clear purpose, like every other element of McLaren's design ethos.

The concept of dihedral doors is simply to allow the driver and passenger to get into and out of the car as easily as possible as well as allowing a smaller door opening than would otherwise be necessary.

The simple act of moving the door forward and upwards invites the driver to step across the sill and sit in the car more easily. In tighter parking situations, dihedral doors allow ingress and egress in a situation where another car has parked too closely. In traditional door systems a huge parking space is necessary to permit the doors to open wide enough.

With its single hinge, the dihedral doors offer weight-saving features and are unique to the McLaren brand. As is the unique handle-free door entry system.

The 12C's rear is unique. It has an aggressive, business-like appearance with its downforce-optimised rear diffuser. The exhaust pipes exit high and in the centre of the car and the rear end is open to ensure efficient evacuation of hot air from the engine bay. The engine itself is visible through the top deck. The LED tail light clusters do not dominate the rear and are hidden behind horizontal black bars. They are only visible when illuminated: the two upper bars light up as LED brake lights and turn indicators.

Aerodynamic efficiency drove the 12C's design. High downforce helps maintain traction, cornering ability and stability while low drag aids top speed and acceleration. It has a completely flat underbody and smooth upper body surfaces to yield a highly effective drag coefficient and generate very high levels of balanced downforce at high speed.

A nose splitter gives more downforce at the front while guide vanes near the front and rear wheels help to increase downforce with minimal drag penalty and direct air towards the all-important diffuser at the rear.

The active Airbrake is another innovation that made its debut on the F1 supercar and was also incorporated into the SLR. It deploys hydraulically under braking, or when the driver wants to trim the car for increased downforce by using a switch on the Active Dynamics Panel.

Under braking, a piston operated by transmission hydraulics raises the Airbrake to a certain angle. Once a small amount of wing angle is pushed into the airflow, the centre of aerodynamic pressure forces the bottom of the 'wing' back. In this way, it raises the airbrake to maximum angle using the 'free' airflow rather than relying on another mechanical device.

The Airbrake moves the centre of pressure of the 12C rearwards, whereas it would normally move forward under braking. It improves yaw stability under braking and allows the brakes to work more effectively due to increased downforce. It is also a weight-saving solution that took almost 50 per cent of weight out of the mechanism.

Overall, the 12C is lower, shorter and narrower than key competitors, but has much shorter front and rear overhangs due to its longer wheelbase - a layout that promotes stability and assists handling response.

Inside: it all starts with the driver.

Packaging was fundamental to the McLaren MP4-12C design challenge. Externally, the car had to be compact, yet internally it had to offer an unparalleled driver and passenger environment where comfort and driving enjoyment at all levels were not compromised.

"With the interior, we have created a real step forward in the packaging of a sports car. Moving the driver and passenger closer together improves driving control and moving the pedals improves the problem of wheel well intrusion. We also repackaged many of the major components that normally sit under the dashboard to allow for more space and a unique form. Packaging is one of the 12C's really strong points," said Frank Stephenson.

But the creativity of the interior design itself aimed to set new standards. The whole focus is on making the 12C cockpit a uniquely comfortable and functional space. The design offers a symmetry that wraps around the occupants and makes them feel not only physically, but also emotionally comfortable.

The interior is extremely space efficient and is designed to accommodate 98th percentile adults in comfort. This has been partly achieved by the 7 inch touch screen telematics system oriented in 'portrait' mode. This is a first for the automotive industry and is more intuitive than 'landscape' orientation - we read down a page and our mobile telephones and other personal information devices are configured this way.

This is one of the many reasons the 12C design is able to buck the trend towards ever wider sporting cars. The innovative information centre provides all normal telematics functions such as audio, navigation and telephony, while providing some new features never before seen in a car. Meridian, the renowned producer of state-of-the-art sound systems, is developing its first ever in-car system for the 12C.

McLaren designers paid great attention to all-round visibility for both safety and driving precision.

The low cowl gives a full six degrees downward vision from eye height and, importantly, allows the driver a clear view of the front of the car. The view of the top of the front wings, with the highest point positioned directly above the centre of the wheel, also facilitates perfect placement of the 12C in a corner. Rear vision is excellent too and an internal buttress with a rear three-quarter glass provides a clear rearward view.

The steering wheel is probably the most important sensory item for any driver. Apart from the feel and feedback from the front wheels, the actual grip and design of the wheel itself is paramount. The steering wheel is 'clean' - there are no buttons to distract the driver. It also needs to be small and very tactile.

McLaren designers and engineers found the solution to the steering wheel design challenge under their own roof. Having employed an advanced and compact airbag, the steering wheel design was then inspired by McLaren's racing expertise.

The steering wheel grip of the 12C is as technically precise as a McLaren racing driver's wheel.

This is because past Formula 1 championship-winning drivers' grips were modelled and scanned and the most effective feel and thickness of their wheels was replicated for a high performance road car.

Such attention to detail is to be found throughout the McLaren 12C's interior and the car does not suffer an over abundance of switches, knobs and dials.

The layout and ergonomics of the interior are aided by the 12C's packaging. The driver and passenger sit closer together, giving the driver a better feeling of control for placing the car on the road accurately as well as leaving more room between the driver and the door panel. This allows not only more space for arm movements during hard driving, but also provides space for an additional 'door console'.

Like the McLaren F1, the driver has controls on both sides, which allows for a rational positioning of switches:

    * Climate controls on each door console
    * Telematics on the upper centre console
    * Active Dynamics Panel on the middle centre console
    * Transmission and minor controls on the tunnel console
    * Trip computer and cruise controls on steering column

As such, all groups of controls have their own place and are accessible within a hand's distance from the steering wheel. The instrument cluster has a large central tachometer and digital speed readout. Behind the steering wheel (and moving with it) is a Formula 1-inspired rocker for changing gears. It has been engineered to deliver a Formula 1 haptic. The science of haptics has been applied to all the controls in order to generate a consistent and high quality feel. All the controls are bespoke, designed exclusively by McLaren, and not a single one has come from the parts bin of another manufacturer.

The Active Dynamics Panel provides two rotary switches and four push buttons:

    * 'Start/Stop'
    * 'Active' activates all the dynamic controls.
    * 'Winter' sets powertrain, suspension and electronic aids to maximum driver support.
    * 'Launch' initiates the launch control system.
    * The two rotary switches control 'powertrain' and 'handling', each having three position settings for normal, sport and high performance driving modes.
    * 'Powertrain' changes throttle response, gearbox strategy, shift times and impulse (how much one can feel the gearchange). The coaxial 'Manual' button controls use of manual gearbox functions.
    * 'Handling' changes stability control, steering weight, suspension firmness and roll stiffness. The coaxial 'Aero' button allows the driver to deploy the airbrake for increased downforce.

The supportive, light weight seat is comfortable and electrically-adjustable for height. There is plenty of stowage space in the car with a shelf behind the seats big enough for small bags and a 'floating' centre console that leaves space beneath for a large storage container.

The interior's simplicity belies a world-class level of comfort and safety features that will include a full quota of airbags, fully automatic dual zone climate control, sophisticated telematics and audio systems, parking sensors, trip computer, cruise control and electric memory seats.

Testing and simulation.

McLaren has developed one of the most sophisticated driving simulators in the world. It is an immensely powerful tool that can be used to predict handling, performance, and a multitude of other dynamic properties.

The simulator was initially designed to improve the performance of the Formula 1 cars. But it has also been used intensively in the design and development process for the 12C, where modelling offers the opportunity to test likely outcomes without having to build a component that might turn out to be inadequate. It saves both money and time and it is perhaps the most effective technology transfer from Formula 1 to road cars; the handling and suspension of the McLaren MP4-12C was developed using exactly the same tools and techniques as the McLaren Formula 1 cars.

The crash test requirements are a good example of how simulation helps speed up development. Long before the first Carbon MonoCell had been constructed, the design had been through hundreds of passive crash test simulations. When the time came to submit a real world crash test, the 12C passed with flying colours.

"Outside of McLaren, it is almost unknown to meet our standards out of the box," said Dick Glover, "but simulation worked out perfectly for us. It is difficult enough to achieve first time success like this with just a relatively predictable, ductile aluminium structure yet McLaren managed first time out with its MonoCell and added aluminium structures. We are very proud of that."

Simulation didn't stop at the design stage. Although over 20 prototypes have been built for an exhaustive test programme around the globe, the simulator remains a key tool and a differentiator from most competitors.

Different engineering teams have cars undergoing specialized testing including hot weather in Bahrain in the height of the 2009 summer, cold weather testing in the Arctic, engine development, gearbox calibration, electrical testing and ride, handling and durability programmes.

Before the first prototype was available, the dynamic test team, aided by professional racing driver and McLaren test driver Chris Goodwin, tested early parts on the simulator as well as a development chassis and various engine mules. When dynamic testing started, development and constant refinement of engine, gearbox, tyres, aerodynamics, braking, steering and suspension began in earnest to match all projected values and targets.

The testing programme moved into a more 'aggressive' phase following the principles of Formula 1 testing where a car and dozens of people maximise track time during the day and work on improvements overnight. The principle is 'why test one thing when you can do ten'. Prototypes went to a test track for six weeks with all the experts and suppliers. The car followed a rigorous regime of testing almost 24 hours a day, seven days a week for six weeks. This turbocharged programme accelerated the development time.

Production.

The production process for the McLaren MP4-12C will enable McLaren to build on its recent success of record production volumes and quality for a luxury supercar with the SLR.

The McLaren Production System brings a large scale lean production mentality into a small-scale, flexible operation. The process is championed by Production Director, Alan Foster's experiences at Japanese and European car manufacturers.

"Quality is the most important thing to customers," said Foster, "and quality management is a fundamental part of building a McLaren. For my team it is an absolute passion. It doesn't matter whether a customer is spending ten thousand pounds or a million, it is their money and they rightly expect to have pride in their purchase and be satisfied with it. Our goal is to ensure that we exceed customers' expectations," he concluded.

12C volumes will remain low, but will require a change of mindset for McLaren's production line teams as the company moves to higher volumes. But the build process will still focus on craftsmanship, a hand-built philosophy but with a lot of science behind it. Quality gates will ensure that a car cannot leave a work station until everything is completed perfectly.

McLaren will maintain its high standards of final approval before a car can be released.

The build of prototypes has already proven the robustness of this approach because investment in the manufacturing assembly fixtures that will actually be used in production has already prepared the team and shown the build process to be on track. The 12C station cycle times have already been reduced by almost a further 20 per cent through knowledge gained from building the prototypes. In short, the risk has been removed from the production process so that final production quality will be guaranteed.

Aftersales, retail distribution, personalisation.

Not only is McLaren establishing a new company, a new production plant, an all-new high performance sports car engineered and developed in house... it is also building a global network of retail distribution partners.

This small number of super operators will deliver the dedication and purposefulness necessary to ensure an ownership experience for the 12C that is as good as the car itself.

Ease of repairability, low-cost of servicing and maintenance, and availability of parts are of paramount importance to this customer relationship and have been key targets since the beginning of the 12C project. McLaren aims to offer segment leading performance here too. The principle being that a high performance sports car should not just be a pleasure to drive, but also to own; a car that is efficient to run and own retains its residual value and ensures its owner becomes a repeat purchaser.

Early planning indicates that 25 per cent of sales will be made in the UK, 25 per cent in the USA and the remainder to the rest of the world, notably Germany and mainland Europe, the Middle East and some Far Eastern countries. Although the McLaren MP4-12C has a comprehensive standard specification, customers for such an exclusive car want to have the ability to specify bespoke items, interiors and special equipment for their own car. McLaren has extensive experience of meeting these needs for McLaren F1 and SLR customers.

For example, the 12C will be available in a broad range of exterior paint colours and interior colours and configurations, while carbon fibre components and lightweight forged wheels will reduce weight yet further.

YAMAHA R1:2010 review.

2010-11-13T15:35:00.000-08:00

Mostly unchanged for 2010, the new-in-’09 Yamaha R1 came into our shootout much better prepared and with a rock-solid base set-up this time around. The boys in blue found that our handling problems last year were due in part to an unusual issue within the fork. And with that remedied, the Yamaha produced a much more consistent performance, the same one we were quite fond of at the 2009 Yamaha YZF-R1 First Ride in Australia last year.

Nearly all those who threw a leg over the R1 found its suspension much more compliant than the previous bike. It was balanced, composed and worked in unison throughout the stroke. However, with a fork that would dive quite quickly under braking and a rear shock that transferred a great deal of weight led to mixed feelings about the Yamaha’s suspension. I can tell you without a doubt that the suspension is virtually perfect for street riding, but as a whole the R1 is still on the soft side when subjected to pure racetrack abuse.

“Like the BMW, the Yamaha forks were pretty solid until you put that extra load on them during some of the faster laps,” explains fast club-level racer Frankie Garcia. “The front end would push ever so slightly at a fast pace. Also, when braking into a corner hard the front end would dive a lot.”

Sorensen adds: “Again the rear was set up much more balanced this year. The bike had good attitude as you set it into the corner, tracking bumps well on the gas. But I think overall, I would like a more ridged set-up front and rear to give more feedback – it just transfers a great deal of weight no matter what one does when pushing hard.

Also receiving mixed views was the crossplane crankshaft engine. The smooth power delivery allows easy, graceful drives off the corners, no matter one’s skill level. Not to mention a unique sound that nearly everyone found soothing and easy on the ears. As for the mixed side: There’s a lack of top end. Other than the KTM, the R1 falls off the most up top when it’s being pushed hard. Even so, many rated the bike as being extremely easy to ride and it was mid-pack this year in terms of outright quickest lap times, a big leap forward from last year.

“One word: La-Z-Boy,” Hensley comments “That’s how this thing feels. Like a big, comfortable La-Z-Boy. Believe it or not, that’s a compliment. This is a bike that you know you could ride the hell out of if you chose to and it’s not going to bite you in the ass…It has really friendly power and I like the sound.”

Hutch agrees with Hensley. “I get along well with the R1. It is less intimidating than the GSX-R, Ninja or the BMW and that allows you to focus on riding a bit more and not stressing out so much about getting high-sided.”

Fast-guy Earnest’s impressions somewhat reflected those of the others as well, though he noticed some added seat-of-the-pants power compared to the ’09 bike. “The engine seems faster than last year’s test bike,” he says. “It has the easiest power delivery of the bunch, feeling more like a Twin than an Inline Four. But it just seems to take too long to rev out.”

This slow-building power showed up right away when we got the R1 up on Lee’s Cycle’s dyno, the bike turning the rear wheel to the tune of 150.89 hp and 76.55 lb-ft of torque. While nothing to scoff at, in this field it’s playing at the back of the pack. The performance numbers at El Toro were matching as the R1’s 10.22 ET @ 138.4 mph in the quarter-mile was at the rear of the group.

Some of this comes down to the fact that it’s tough to get a good launch thanks to its somewhat feeble clutch. The light clutch action is nice on the street and track but when it comes to hard drag strip launches it’s very difficult to keep it behaving correctly and as a result it posted the lowest elapsed time and speed through the trap. It’s also worth noting that by the end of our performance testing the clutch cable was adjusted all the way out, a telling sign that the clutch plates were on their final leg.

However back on the track, the Yamaha transmission and clutch scored right in the middle of the pack by our test riders; it held up to the day’s abuse without issue. A couple riders noted a slightly “mushy” feeling, while most of the others were impressed with the ease of lever operation and didn’t have the slightest issue.

“The Yamaha shifts quick and smooth, though I missed a downshift on corner entry, but that could have been my fault,” says Earnest. Sorensen’s comments were along the same line, the champ saying that the “Yamaha used to have a chunkier tranny, but all that is gone. It’s smooth, short-throw shifts; I had no complaints.”

But the brakes were an area where the R1 continued to struggle. While feel and feedback were better than last year, with a less wooden feel to them, the initial bite was lackluster and they had a tendency to fade over the course of long runs. As such, most riders found them to be merely average. And in this cutthroat group, average just doesn’t make the grade. The word “soft” came up often in the rider’s opinions. And out at El Toro its 133-foot braking distance from 60 mph was at the back of this tightly-packed bunch. Though one will note that six of the eight bikes were within 10 feet of each other and it was only 15 feet from first to last.

“Not bad brakes but a bit soft in the lever,” says Neuer of the R1. Hensley’s comments were nearly the exact same thing, adding that “the brakes are soft, kind of like everything else on the Yamaha. As a whole the bike just feels very relaxed.”

A look at the data shows middle-of-the-road acceleration numbers exiting Turn 6 at 0.66g, though coming out of the final, slower corner it struggled, with a best of 0.63g, putting it third from the back. Though despite the “soft” feeling brakes, it still produced some of the best braking g-force numbers going into Turn 14 at -1.21g.

But where the Yamaha shined was its class-leading maximum grip figure in Turn 2, sticking to the pavement at the tune of 1.2g as a result of the balanced set-up and solid chassis. Though it didn’t produce the highest grip in the final set of corners, the 1.3g it was capable of in Turn 15 put it at the pointy end of the field. It may not have been the easiest to get settled into a turn, but once on its side the chassis was a thing a beauty.

“As soon as both wheels were planted it was all good,” Earnest says. “It may have backed in a bit entering the corner, but once leaned over that R1 was very planted.”

It was also respectable down the front straight, reaching a top speed of 150.7 mph, which was right on par with the Kawasaki and the Aprilia, while ahead of the KTM and the Suzuki. All told the Yamaha ticked off a 1:57.55 as a best Superpole lap, landing it just outside mid-pack, though much closer to the competition than last year.

Even after a couple years in production, it’s still impossible not to talk about the sound that the Yamaha makes. More like a V-Twin and a V-Four mix than an Inline Four, there’s no question the R1 makes music to any motorcycle junkie’s ears.

How can you not love the way the Yamaha sounds? “It’s not like anything on this planet and every time it made a pass down the front straight it gave me tingles down my spine. I like the sound when hearing it from the sidelines as well as from the saddle. It’s almost soothing, makes me feel relaxed but fast when riding.”

As a purely track-based test, the stock Yamaha cannot compete for top honors. Its lower horsepower numbers, high curb weight and soft suspension held it back from running at the front both on the racetrack and at the airstrip during performance testing. And when it comes to an overall ranking, that’s the majority of how the track test is evaluated. But that doesn’t mean there isn’t something special about the Yamaha. With its iconic R1 styling and the awesome sound of that unorthodox engine, there’s no question the Tuning Fork superbike exudes character from every last turn of the crossplane crank. We’ve liked this bike immensely since first riding it more than a year ago and nothing about that has changed. It’s just that in the company of this test on the racetrack the points happen to put it at the back of the class. As for on the street, well that’s a totally different story…

Harley Davidson:Rocker C Review.

2010-11-11T13:29:00.000-08:00

The Rocker or the Rocker C is the Custom Chopper created for the person that has cast a glancing view to the custom or chopper motorcycles that have populated the scene a few years back. The problem with some of the past customs or choppers was the price and reliability. Some of the custom designed parts, chopped frames and extended forks gave the creations a terrific profile, but, often times created riding and dependability problems. This is not to say that all customs and choppers had a problem, but there were some with problems and of course resale was always a concern for these special creations.

Now Harley has a factory custom chopper that has a lot of the upgrades without the extremes often associated with some of the creations of the past. Plus, it was engineered and designed for reliability and ride ability that very few people can create without the deep pockets of someone like Harley-Davidson. Now, with the Rocker, you can have your chopper profile, dependability and service ability with a huge selection of off the shelf performance and chrome upgrades.

What makes this a Harley is the Softail frame with a rigid mounted Electronic Sequential Port Fuel Injection 96B twin Cam, 6 Speed power plant. And of course all of the hand controls are the same throughout the line as for brake pedals and hand controls. It has a speedometer, no tach, with the turn signal and neutral indicators in a little display on the fuel tank.

What sets this beast apart from the standard line is the extended front forks and large 240 mm rear tire. The wheelbase of this custom is only about 5 inches longer (69.2 inches) than the standard Softail. Besides the chopper profile, they enhanced the custom look with a rear fender that hugs the oversized rear tire with custom wheels by mounting it to the swing arm and finished it with a nice color keyed frame.

On the Rocker C, if you haven’t noticed, they have what appears to be a solo design. But, should you get lucky, there is a passenger seat that is conveniently hidden under the solo seat. It appears to be a little torture pad. But should you need it, it could be your friend. Just a quick note about the seat; I rode the Rocker with it hidden under the seat and with it in place. Now for vanity reasons, you would want the hard solo look for bar hopping, but should you venture out on the road, with the seat in place, it actually gives a little lower back support for more comfort.

As you can see in the picture there is a stage one upgrade. This included new exhaust pipes and dyno tuned remapping. I recommend this upgrade for all Harleys, with the exception of the V-rod, for performance reasons. Pictured are the Vance and Hines Big Radius 2 into 2 Black pipes that sell for $799.22. This is a great upgrade.

I have ridden choppers in the past and never really like the ride. It was a full time job to manage that 300 rear tire over uneven pavement and speed bumps and the turning radius was poor when you turn around or when maneuvering around in a parking lot. Climbing on the Rocker the first thing that I noticed was the nice low seat. Your feet are flat on the ground and with your legs bent, you have the feeling that you are wearing the bike rather than just sitting in it. After grabbing the slightly curved back handlebars on risers, I noticed that they had internal wiring. That gave it a very nice clean look. But not to be distracted with the great look of this new toy, I wanted to find out if this machine really rides like any of the Harley’s that I have ever been on.

Surprisingly, after getting out of the parking lot, I noticed very little difference from most of the softails that I have been on in the past. The upgraded Vance and Hines pipes sounded great and low end torque increase from the stock Softail was noticeable. The steering was light and easy. It was nothing like some of the choppers from the past.

The Twin Cam B power plant is very smooth, even with setting at idle stopped. After negotiating some nice long curves on the back roads, you notice that you lean a little more then on some of the shorter wheel base machines. Then with a slight twist of the grip, the extra low-end torque really felt good powering out of corners. This is a very easy to ride custom. Just to see if there were any problems with turning, I slowed to a crawl and made a u-turn on a two lane, it was a piece of cake.

After finding an on-ramp to the local freeway, I was able to find the throttle limit and was pleasantly surprised at the power. Straight as a rocket, you could easily find a three digit number by the time you have to merge with traffic. Then of course, you have to grab a little brake to blend into with all of the cages. On the freeway, it rides like a dream. With the sixth gear, you can idle down the road with ease and you always have plenty of power.

I rode this Rocker on curvy roads to interstate riding and, at all times, found that this little Rocker was a champ and a pleasure to ride. It is obviously not a cruiser, nor is it a Buell, but you could spend the day on the bike and feel great at days end. What really sets this ride apart is the styling. Even with the exotic styling, for a Harley, it is a very tame ride when compared to the old style hardtail choppers. It is a ride that you want to be seen on.

Radial Engine Motorcycle.

2010-11-10T12:49:00.000-08:00

The radial engine is a thing of beauty and it looks like several other folks think the same thing. After I posted the radial motorcycle yesterday, I contacted Rotec Engineering, makers of these 7 cylinder radial engines, and according to them, there are at least 4 of these projects in various stages of completion at the present time. Yesterday's bike and this one as well seem to be a bit short of running. I see no provisions for exhaust yet and no front brakes. This bike has no handlebars either so we're still in the building stage. At first glance, you wonder if these guys are serious but these do seem to be real works in progress.

Additional closeup photos on yesterday's post show exhaust pipes behind the engine and at least a foot brake pedal so it may be running as is.

This longitudinal engine arrangement seems more natural for a motorcycle, better clearance for cornering, however, cooling the rear cylinders would definitely be a problem. Yesterday's transverse arrangement is great for cooling and correct for the engine's design but it presents clearance problems, not only straight up for the bottom cylinder but when leaned in either direction, as well.

I can't believe these bikes will be much more than showpieces when done, who could actually ride them? Still, I think radial engines are among the best looking engines ever designed and these Rotecs are small enough to put in all sorts of different things, airplanes look great with a big radial out front but there are always cars, trucks, boats, you name it. But you have to give these guys credit, a radial engined motorcycle, superb!

Bugatti Veyron launched In India.

2010-10-29T16:47:00.000-07:00

Volkswagen Group company Bugatti Automobiles on Thursday launched its super premium sports car ‘Veyron 16.4 Grand Sport', the most expensive car in India so far with a price tag of Rs.16 crore onwards. Packed with many exclusive safety and luxury features, the sports car will reach the top speed of 407 km an hour and speed of 360 km an hour with the roof off.

“India is furthermore a growing market for luxury and hence it was a conscious decision for us to launch Bugatti here. We have, in the past received a heartening response from our valued customers and I think the launch of the Bugatti in India will truly delight our discerning audience,'' Bugatti Automobiles SAS Head of Tradition Julius Kruta told journalists here.
In India, the car will be sold through Exclusive Motors Pvt. Ltd., which has also been exclusive dealer for Bentley and Lamborghini in India.

According to Bugatti Automobiles Sales Market Manager (Middle East, Europe and India) Guy Caquelin, “Bugatti has been doing well in America, Europe and the Middle East. Now we see India as an emerging market for us, hence we have decided to bring the car to India.'' Bugatti was aiming between 60 and 80 units of the car to be sold across the globe this year and there have been queries from 3 to 4 Indians globally.

Stating that the car's delivery would take about 6-8 months from the date of order, Exclusive Motors Managing Director Satya Bagla said: “The price of the car will be subject to foreign exchange fluctuation and the levels of customisation that a buyer demands. Bugatti Veyron is four times more expensive than what is being sold in the India, so we are now testing the customer response.''

The car, which uses components made of special materials like titanium, carbon fibre and magnesium, is powered by an 8 litre engine with 16 cylinders and is assembled by hand at the company's headquarters in Molsheim in France. The Grand Sport's body structure consists of a carbon fibre monocoque suspended from an aluminium frame in the front and a carbon fibre/stainless steel frame in the rear. Along with moisture-resistant, backstitched leather, a range of new equipment features has been added to the interior of the car, including a reversing camera with 2.7-inch monitor integrated in the rear-view-mirror and the 'Puccini' sound system with digital signal processor.

Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport Specifications

Dimensions

Length: 4,462 mm

Width: 1,998 mm

Height, Normal Position: 1,204 mm

Wheel base: 2,710 mm
Curb Weight: 1,968 kg

Max. permitted laden weight: 2,280 kg

Tank capacity: 100 l

Engine

Motor Type/Number of Cylinders: W16

Cylinder Capacity: 7 993 cm3

Power output: 736 KW (1,001 hp) @ 6,000 rpm

Max. torque: 1,250 Nm @ 2,200-5,500 rpm

Gearbox: 7 Gear DSG

Drive: 4WD

Power distribution: Front axle differential with Haldex clutch; rear axle with transverse differential lock.

Triumph Street Triple R Review.

2010-09-25T18:22:00.000-07:00

Smoke, tire screeching and sirens. Not the kind of things any of us want to encounter, especially during a motorcycle ride. But when you’re aboard the new Triumph Street Triple R these are some of the situations that come with the territory, often good but also bad - if you get caught.

So where was the smoke coming from? The rear tire of course. The screeching? Again, rear tire. And the siren? Well, that was an ambulance zooming past in the opposite direction, but it could have just as well been the police because when you’re on this bike you suddenly change.

We’ve felt this way before. In fact, when we rode last year’s original Street Triple this same feeling of lawlessness overpowered our every action. From the moment you hit the starter button to the time you drop the kickstand down, it is as if you relent total control to Triumph’s middleweight streetfighter.

Blame it on its ridiculously friendly liquid-cooled 675cc Inline Three engine, pulled from last year’s Daytona 675 Supersport (however, retuned with a lower redline and different camshaft profiles for increased low and mid-range torque). Simply put, the engine is a masterpiece. It is as mild or wild as your right wrist commands. A flat and no doubt purposely controlled spread of power is achieved right from the bottom sweep of the tach needle making wheelies in first gear mandatory. As the rpm’s climb, so does engine power, but it rises in such a linear fashion that within seconds you’ll be stabbing at the gearshift lever with all seven blue shift lights screaming for relief. This much fun should be illegal; unfortunately some of the time it is.

Adding to the exhilarating thrill of acceleration is the Triple’s unique engine octave. A few pumps of the throttle in neutral and the engine lets out a high-pitched whine. In gear, that whine is quickly trumped by an induction roar that gets progressively deeper, then all of a sudden morphs back into a shriek as the engine hovers near its 12,650 redline (1300 revs shy of the ’09 Daytona 675).
Keeping the engine out of the red and accelerating forward is accomplished via the same six-speed transmission as the original Street Triple, as is the manual cable-actuated clutch. The transmission continues to prove it’s the definition of “close-ratio” as it features gears stacked right next to each other. Add in the Street Triple’s lower final-drive gearing and it’s a recipe for constant left foot work. It’s a small price to pay, however, because with an engine as good as the Triumph’s you’re going to want to keep the throttle pinned as much and as long as possible.

Although the Street Triple’s powertrain doesn’t make use of a slipper clutch (which is becoming increasingly standard for high-performance streetbikes such as this one), the combination of its minimal engine braking and progressive clutch action counteract the lower drive gearing and make it easy not to miss.

So by now you’re probably wondering, ‘Jeez, the R -spec sounds just like last year’s Street Triple, is anything even different?’ Well, yes. The chassis is where the R-spec and regular Street Triple differ.

One of the only drawbacks we found with last year’s Street Triple was its suspension. Although it’s versatile for a variety of riders in all weights and skill levels, it’s definitely on the soft side. And combined with its lack of adjustment (completely non-adjustable with the exception of the rear shock spring preload) it remains the limiting factor when blasting around at speed.

Triumph answered by delivering the R-spec Triple with a 3-way adjustable (preload, compression and rebound) inverted fork and equally adjustable gas-charged rear shock. With the factory settings you’ll notice a tauter feel, front and rear, without it being harsh or jarring. This pays dividends when you’re loading the fork while jamming on the front brakes, charging into a corner hard. However, back out the preload and compression adjustment on the fork and it begins to feel soft and springy similar to the non R-spec Triple’s suspension. Adjustability is paramount and with the R you get the best of both worlds.
Another difference is the R’s higher-spec front brake calipers. Larger radial-mount 4-piston Nissin calipers grab onto a pair of similar-sized 308mm rotors, now with a new Nissin radial-pump master cylinder powering the set-up through stainless-steel brake lines. Out back the same 220mm disc is clamped down by a Nissin single-piston caliper and braided line.

We thought last year’s Street Triple had an above average set of brakes so we were optimistic about the upgraded Nissin’s. But our first ride let us down as initial front brake performance wasn’t on par with the sum of its components, even with around 1000 miles on the odometer. After a few hard stops, the brake pads did finally bed-in and performance improved significantly. As the bike sits now, the brakes are more than enough power to flip you over the handlebar, fortunately there’s also plenty of feel so fast, rear-wheel-in-the-air stops are simple and fun. Just like last year’s Street Triple, the rear brake is about as good as it gets. And with the bikes short wheelbase, low seat height and centralized 425 pounds of mass, it makes for perfect rear brake sideways antics.

Like the standard Street Triple, the R gets the identical frame and swingarm as this year’s Daytona 675. Though where the base Street Triple makes use of slightly less aggressive chassis geometry, the R gets identical numbers (23.9 degrees rake, 92.4mm trail) to the Daytona 675, including the ability to modify the pivot angle of the swingarm if desired.
On paper the R should turn sharper than the standard Triple, but we couldn’t tell any difference. What we did notice is that the Triumph’s agility remains as good as ever. Likewise, its stability, even at high speeds on rough pavement, is extremely planted. Also notable is the continued fitment of Dunlop’s versatile Qualifier rubber and we continue to be impressed with the tire’s quick warm-up times, mild steering manners and outstanding level of outright grip.

The R’s cockpit is a mix of old and new. The seat features a new double-stitched two-tone cover and is now slightly taller (5mm). Magura aluminum handlebars replace the steel bars yet retain the same slightly elevated position and bend. Another plus is the front brake lever now offers 6-position adjustment.

Compared to even a Supersport motorcycle, the Street Triple R feels small. The combination of its slim engine dimensions, short length front-to-rear and low center of gravity make it one of the easiest motorcycles to control. Period. Our only complaint is that handlebar movement is limited due to the steering lock, which makes tight quarters maneuvering more difficult than it should be.

The same slick-looking instrument panel returns and seems to have more onboard functions than the space shuttle. A big sweep tachometer is easy to see at a glance as are the digital speedo and standard warning lights. But when you try to use functions like the lap timer, miles-per- gallon, average speed, and other engine functions, it’s confusing. Further complicating things are the three small buttons on the base of the panel, which are hard to access with or without gloves. Even worse, once you figure out how to navigate through the menus, getting each function to reset is impossible unless you practically study the manual. It’s all way too complicated.

So is the Street Triple R right for you and is it worth the $800 up-charge over the standard Street Triple? Well, if you’re the type of person who has little self-restraint, than this motorcycle will not be for you. It’s one of the few bikes that possess the right combination of power, weight and size, which make it all too easy to get in trouble on a Mad Max maniac binge, and it’s just so much fun. And now with the R’s more competent suspension and brakes, it’s equally as rowdy through the corners. Quite the combination, only downside being you may be attending traffic school quite soon…

2010 Star VMAX vs Triumph Rocket III.

2010-09-10T16:31:00.000-07:00

2010 Star VMAX vs Triumph Rocket III Roadster review.

Who needs 165 horsepower and 132 lb-ft of torque? Well, nobody really needs it, but we sure aren’t complaining after comparing the Star VMAX and Triumph Rocket III Roadster.

This isn’t the first time we’ve sought a comparison mate for the reborn VMAX. When it first hit the streets in 2009, with its near 200 crank horsepower claims, we tapped the now-extinct Suzuki B-King for a comparison. Pure performance street bikes, head to head, but the sporty Hayabusa-powered B-King made the Max feel big and rather cruiser-ish. This time around we looked at the cruiser side of the performance spectrum for a comparison competitor.

A natural candidate emerged when Triumph announced it had taken its Rocket III Triple and wrung out 15% more torque, added blacked out styling cues and a more standard ergonomic package and slapped on the Roadster moniker. Voila, a hopped up performance cruiser to match up with the VMAX.

So that’s the rationale for our comparison. Grab two of the most powerful motorcycle engines available and run ‘em against each other to see what happens.

Testing these brutes we logged miles commuting to work, as well as off-the-clock play rides. Editors kept scrambling to place dibs on either one for the ride home on Friday, as there was plenty of rubber to burn on the weekend. We also put the two up on the Mickey Cohen Motorsports dyno, as well as our Intercomp scales to measure raw performance data and weights. And, of course, we had to take both out to the local dragstrip to snag some quarter-mile times during Friday night drags.

It was a fun couple weeks. Here’s what we discovered.

The VMAX and Roadster are both all about engine performance, but they bring the heat in two different ways. While the VMAX exemplefies the extremes of horsepower production with its distinctive V-Four, the Roadster rips pure torque from its Inline Triple.

A nasty-looking 65-degree 1679cc V-Four featuring 90 x 60mm bore and stroke powers the mighty Max. Internals include chain-driven intake and gear-driven exhaust cams actuating the four-valve heads, with an 11.3:1 compression ratio. Yamaha’s sportbike technology lends high-performance systems like the Yamaha Chip Controlled Throttle (YCC-T) and Yamaha Chip Controlled Intake (YCC-I), the latter featuring variable-length intake trumpets controlled by the ECU dependent on rpm. Then, of course, there is the ram air flowing through the distinctive polished aluminum scoops (they ain’t just for style).

All that fancy engine talk equates to some serious real world wahoo! – to the tune of 165 horsepower at the rear wheel. Factor in about a 15% loss due to the shaft final drive and our dyno measurement matches favorably with Yamaha’s near 200 hp crank claims. It also makes the VMAX one of the most powerful machines we have ever tested. Only three production rides have registered more dyno hp: the 2010 BMW S1000RR (182.8 hp), 2008 Suzuki Hayabusa (166.8 hp) and the VMAX we tested in 2009 (166.4 hp). The Max produces plenty of torque too, with 104 lb-ft peak numbers.

Triumph’s Rocket is no slouch either. It churns out prodigious torque courtesy of a 2.3 liter Inline Triple. Yes, that’s economy automotive-type big, and at 2294cc it’s the largest displacement motorcycle engine in production (we’re choosing to ignore the Chevy V-8-powered Boss Hoss – see side bar). To get a grasp on scale, that’s an extra 615cc more than the hulking VMAX! Like the Star the Rocket sources DOHC valve train, but with a much larger 101.6mm bore and 94.3mm stroke producing a lower 8.7:1 compression ratio.

At the tech briefing for the original Rocket, Triumph’s product manager told us that during engine development the mill produced so much power it caused the pipes to glow on the dyno. So it’s perhaps not surprising that the engineers at Hinkley managed to coax an extra 15% torque out of the already prodigious motor. Still, the 132 lb-ft registered on our dyno run makes the new Roadster the most prolific torque producer we’ve ever come across (and our lb-ft measurement tallies a little low from what we’ve seen, with some sources claiming close to 140 lb-ft).

Although both impressive, on road the two motors deliver a different riding experiences. The Triumph stonks acceleration right off the bottom, but can’t compete with the sheer brutality of the VMAX. That’s not a slight on the Trumpet, just a nod to the Yamaha. It takes a lot of chutzpah to call the Rocket III Roadster slow, but the VMAX has the stones to back it up.

“The VMAX may not have the torque of the Rocket but it certainly is the King of this duo,” says Motorcycle USA VP Ken Hutchison. “Head to head roll-ons still seem to be the V-Max’s forte. One-up or two-up the Max feels faster in the real world. The engine is just awesome.”

The Star motor spins up much quicker than the Rocket, the throttle packing a knockout punch right from idle. The practical application of all those horses on the pavement is a rear wheel that can’t keep from spinning. Crack the throttle violently and the VMAX spins it up in the lower gears without effort. This trait alone make the Max a must ride for hooligans.

“By itself, it is impossible not to get sucked into cracking this thing open now and then,” admits Ken. “It’s so damn fast it makes me laugh. It burns out in parking lots if you crack it open for a second. It burns out when you are accelerating from a stop light. Heck, it even burns out if you give it too much throttle on the exit of a sharp turn. This is the original hooligan bike baby, and I dig it.”

The Roadster’s acceleration is far from timid, but by comparison feels more manageable and linear. Torque is everywhere, plenty of it, chugging along from right down at the bottom. With well over 120 lb-ft just off idle, the torque climbs and holds steady right up to 4000 rpm where it registers peak horsepower at 114 hp. From there it signs off fairly quick, but don’t worry, shift up through the five-speed gearbox and hold on tight.

“The Roadster has the capacity to draw power from very low rpm,” agrees our Cruiser Editor, Bryan Harley. “Hitting an uphill switchback with the added weight of my wife as passenger, I was able to keep it in second gear despite dropping down to 1500 rpm, and it still had the torque to power back up without having to shift down. Impressive pull, with a very linear power delivery and broad powerband.”

It’s worth noting too, that with a curb weight of 809 lbs the Rocket has to carry an extra 120 lbs compared to the VMAX. Yet, in spite of the weight handicap, the British bike still blurs the roadside scenery at a brisk pace.

Considering their immense size and power outputs, neither engine exhibits much vibration – particularly when judged as performance cruisers (imagine the vibes from a 165-hp Harley – forget your fillings rattling out, your teeth would be gone!). With the Triumph’s monster Triple longitudinally mounted, we also expected the twisting force of its gyrating crankshaft to be far more noticeable. The sensation is there, particularly when revving hard at idle, but it’s not overpowering and less pronounced than what we recall even from the BMW Boxer or Moto Guzzi V-Twin. Triumph credits a contra-rotating balancer and shaft drive for the smooth operation.

Triumph tweaked its shaft final drive and clutch to match up with the up-spec engine performance. The VMAX is shaft driven as well and while these bikes are not as smooth as a chain or belt-driven motorcycle, neither shaft unit significantly hinders performance, though they felt a little more course when applying throttle in a corner (which you need to be very careful with, particularly aboard the VMAX.)

The Triumph and Star each sport a five-speed gearbox. Some testers noted the Star’s clutch engaged at the end of the lever, with a stronger pull required, but both bikes acquitted themselves well enough in this area. Our Cruiser Editor did note, however, that the Rocket III transmission felt more clunky than the silky-smooth gearbox on the British firm’s new Thunderbird Twin.

Triumph Bonneville SE and Ducati GT 1000 touring.

2010-08-15T17:29:00.000-07:00

Triumph Bonneville SE and Ducati GT 1000 touring.
The Bonneville moniker first affixed itself to Triumph’s 650cc Parallel Twin-powered T120 in 1959, a high-performance ride through the ‘60s that earned its classy moniker as a tribute to the land speed racing exploits of the British marque during the 1950s. A second Bonneville incarnation, dubbed the T140, upped displacement to 750cc but ended production with Triumph’s decline and near obliteration in the early ‘80s. The Bloor restoration of the historic English marque saw the Bonneville’s return in 2001, where it has since anchored the company’s Modern Classics.

Triumph expanded the Bonneville line by two additional models, with an all-new base model and SE version. The two join the long-standing Bonneville T100, which continues in the Modern Classic line, relegating its spot as the flagship to the new Bonneville. The new Bonnie varies from its T100 with smaller ergos and wheels, the hoops being two inches smaller and cast instead of wire-spoked. As for the difference between the base Bonneville and the SE, it’s cosmetic, with the SE sporting a tank badge, aluminum engine cases and a two-tone paint scheme with pinstripe, as well as the inclusion of a useful tachometer on the instrument console. All three Bonnevilles, as well as the entire 2009 Modern Classic Twins, are fuel injected for the first time to meet US emissions.

Right out of the box, the Bonneville struck an authentic chord in the looks department. The Bonneville SE we tested generated, by far, the most awestruck praise from roadside gawkers – quite a compliment considering Ducati’s undoubted skill at producing sexy bikes. And this was in spite of the SE’s lack of wire-spoked wheels, which is such a huge part of the vintage look. Were I to purchase a Bonneville, I’d have to tap the wire-spoked T100 for this very reason alone. The Trumpet scores a big win over the Duc in the very subjective styling comparison.

As for the motor, the Triumph’s 865cc Parallel Twin doesn’t measure up to the Ducati, down 127cc to it competitor. Engine performance expectations have dramatically inflated since the Bonnie’s debut 50 years ago. The modern Twin cranks 58 horsepower at the rear wheel and 44 lb-ft torque. It doesn’t take long at the controls to realize the Bonneville motor is tuned for a more leisurely riding approach - much different than the Ducati’s rip-snorting L-Twin.

Yet the Triumph Twin delivers enough pep to motor up to triple digits and is spunky in its 4000 rpm sweet spot. The old riding bromide about riding a slow bike fast rings true on the Bonneville – a rider with moderate skills will be pushing the Twin to its limit. There’s a certain thrill in that

Seamless power delivery and user-friendly throttle feel highlight the Twin’s traits. Considering it’s the first year of fuel-injection for the Modern Classics, Triumph nailed it first time around. The two-stage choke, unlike the carbs, is real and needed on cold starts. As for those façade carbs, explaining them to curious onlookers is an amusing novelty at parking lots and gas stations – particularly to riders who claimed they could tell the Bonnie was carbureted by its sound or smell…

Smooth and easy, a rider can’t get lost in the Triumph’s 5-speed gearbox. Teamed with one of the lightest clutch lever pulls we’ve sampled, the transmission lends itself well to entry-level riders who won’t be missing shifts or fumbling with neutral at stop lights.

One disc down up front compared to the dual-disc Ducati, the Triumph brakes without drama via a single 310mm rotor up front. Head to head, the Duc’s dual Brembo calipers deliver superior feel, but Triumph’s Nissin 2-piston caliper binders make confident, controlled stops. While the lever is stiffer on the Triumph, there weren’t any helter skelter moments for us under hard braking.

After the motor, handling performance is where the Triumph loses the most ground on the Ducati. Its softer 41mm Kayaba fork hinders high-speed maneuvering, and while the dual rear shocks (also Kayaba) are pre-load adjustable, railing in tight terrain overtaxes both the suspension units. That said, the Bonneville handles sharp at lower speeds with its low center of gravity, and is one of the easiest-to-ride shifting motorbikes we’ve ever sampled.

The Bonneville ergonomics fit smaller-statured riders well, Triumph lowering the seat height to 29.5 inches and repositioning the bars down and toward the rider. While it didn’t gel as well with my 6’1” frame (probably anyone approaching 5’10” will be too big) the riding position is upright, standard and comfortable, except for one big, huge, gigantic, stupendous caveat (brace yourself, a seat diatribe on its way…).

Short distance jaunts on the Bonnie are fine, but we started getting uncomfortable after about 100 miles, perturbed at 150, and delirious about the 200-mile mark in the Triumph’s excruciating saddle. The new Bonneville’s seat height is lower, in part, because they sculpted some foam out. Bad idea! I wondered how the SE’s seat would hold up on long distance rides during our brief sub-100-mile test ride at the official press launch in New Orleans. Now I know, and my tookus still whines, “remember that day you rode 250 miles on the Bonneville SE? Man, I will never forgive your ass for that!”

Admitting that… The two-inch lower seat height, along with a narrower tank, makes the Bonneville feel way smaller than the Ducati, even though at 497 lbs (472 lbs tank empty) it is actually a full 31 lbs heavier. The small dimensions make mincemeat out of those tricky low-speed maneuvers that really jump out and bite beginners.

The Bonneville and GT recorded almost identical fuel efficiency – the Triumph edging out a 48.6 to 47.3 mpg advantage. The Bonneville has a slightly bigger fuel tank too, 4.2 gal to 3.9 gal, with a theoretical range near 200 miles. The strange thing is the Bonneville always seemed to want gas first during our 750-mile test ride with the low fuel light constantly coming on (the Speed Triple registered a similar complaint during our 2007 street fighter test). Not a mystery is which bike is easier to fill, with the Bonneville splashing gas out on more than one occasion and the fuel cap fully detaching from the bike (easy to misplace for scatter brained test riders…).

Solid fit and finish round out an attractive, if Spartan, instrument package. The SE’s analog right-side tach teams well with the left-side speedo (the standard Bonneville not offering a tach). A fuel gauge would be appreciated, though there’s no real room for one, just a couple idiot lights and neutral, high-beam and turn signal indicator lights.

The Bonneville delivers a lot of bang for the buck. At $8399 for the SE and $7699 for the standard Bonneville, it’s 30-35% less expensive than the Ducati! I have to admit, however, that I’d spring the extra $400 for the $8799 T100 for the wire-spoked wheels alone. (The T100, which is unchanged for 2009 except for being fuel injected, is a much better fit ergonomically for larger riders as well.)

In short, the Bonneville SE is not a bad machine by any means. Power delivery won’t overwhelm newbies but still gets the Trumpet up to respectable cruising speeds. It’s a fun ride and an ideal bike for smaller riders. Faced against the Ducati, however, we imagine if it could talk, even the polite British Twin would acquiesce it does not compare with its sportier Italian rival. The Bonnie still keeps a stiff upper lip, however, secure in its role as an ideal starter bike or sharp-looking play bike for the casual weekend enthusiast.

The all-new Jeep Wrangler blazes a trail no other vehicle can follow.

2010-08-12T17:00:00.000-07:00

More Off-road Capability - Increased ground clearance, larger wheels and tires, enhanced Dana front and rear solid axles, available next-generation Command-Trac(R) and Rock-Trac™ transfer cases, new electric axle lockers, and electronic-disconnecting front sway bar
More On-road Refinement - All-new 100 percent stiffer frame in bending, 2-inch longer wheelbase, 3.5-inch wider track, lower spring rates, advanced shock tuning, increased jounce and rebound travel
More Interior Space and Comfort - 4.6 inches more hip and 5.1 inches more shoulder room combined with additional 2 inches in couple, 1 inch in rear-seat leg room and 2 inches behind rear seat
More Open-air Options - Dozens of different door, top and windshield combinations; new three-piece modular hardtop and innovative Sunrider™ soft top

More Power and Torque - New 3.8-liter V-6 engine with 205 horsepower and 240 lb.-ft. of torque
More Safety - Electronic Stability Program (ESP), electronic roll mitigation, dual-stage air bags, seat-mounted side air bags and Occupant Classification System (OCS)
More Convenience - Available power windows and door locks, full-screen navigation system, 368-watt Alpine(R) stereo with MP3 capability, SIRIUS Satellite Radio

Jeep(R) introduces the all-new Wrangler, the most capable off-road vehicle in the world — and more.
A direct descendent of the original Jeep — the 1941 Willys MB — Jeep Wrangler evolves from more than 65 years of legendary 4x4 leadership. Building on the successful, original Jeep formula with an all-new frame, exterior and interior design, engine, and safety and convenience features, Jeep Wrangler delivers more capability, interior space and comfort, refinement, power and open-air fun.

"The all-new Jeep Wrangler blazes a trail no other vehicle can follow," said Jeff Bell, Vice President - Jeep, Chrysler Group. "Just as it did when it first debuted in 1941, Jeep Wrangler sets a new benchmark in off-road capability.
"With more off-road capability, more versatility, more power, more on-road refinement, and more comfort and space, the all-new Jeep Wrangler continues its legacy as the Jeep brand icon. Simply put, it is the best Jeep Wrangler ever," added Bell.

Offered in three models — Wrangler X, Sahara and Rubicon — the all-new Jeep Wrangler is lean, rugged and simple, achieving best-in-class off-road capability while delivering a true open-air driving experience. With solid axles, removable doors, exposed hinges, a fold-down windshield and innovative removable and convertible tops, Jeep Wrangler retains the brand's coveted core values of freedom, adventure, mastery and authenticity.

With dozens of different top, door and windshield combinations, nine unique exterior colors and available 16-, 17- or 18-inch wheels,Jeep Wrangler provides a customized appearance for a variety of customers.

Next-generation Toyota Highlander.

2010-08-10T17:58:00.000-07:00

Toyota Motor Sales (TMS), USA, Inc., unveiled the all-new next-generation Highlander and Highlander Hybrid mid-size sport utility vehicles (SUV) at a press conference at the Chicago Auto Show.
"Highlander holds a unique distinction within the Toyota brand and within the industry," said Don Esmond, TMS senior vice president, automotive operations. "Along with the 4Runner and the FJ Cruiser, it anchors one of the industry's only three-vehicle, mid-size SUV line-ups. Equally important, along with Prius and Camry Hybrid, it is a key component in the industry's only three-vehicle hybrid strategy."
The Highlander is significantly larger, roomier and more powerful than the vehicle it replaces. Yet its fuel efficiency will be virtually unchanged. It is noticeably quieter, smarter, with improved versatility and ride comfort. It will offer the highest level of standard safety equipment in a segment where safety is at the top of purchase considerations. And, it's all wrapped in a package designed for buyers who want to stand out and make a statement.

Highlander will have no equal to its comprehensive list of standard safety features. It will provide a segment-leading total of seven airbags, including a driver's knee airbag and roll-sensing side curtain airbags for all three rows.

As with all Toyota SUVs for the last three years, Highlander will provide Toyota's STAR safety system.
featuring:
+ anti-lock brakes,
+ traction control,
+ electronic brake-force distribution,
+ brake assist,
+ and for the first time, enhanced vehicle stability control,
+ with electronic power steering.

On all models except the base models, it will provide a stand-alone backup camera with a multi-information screen, not tied to a navigation system. And, Highlander will have the distinction of being the first Toyota division vehicle to feature both active head restraints and a new hood and fender system designed to crumple on impact with a pedestrian.

On the outside, Highlander moves away from traditional SUV styling cues with a statement of strength instead of ruggedness; of intelligence over toughness. Calty Design Research in Newport Beach, Calif. sculpted clean, crisp lines, a wide, stable stance and muscular contours to give Highlander an advanced, contemporary, forceful and dynamic personality.

Highlander rides on an all-new chassis derived from the current Camry and Avalon. It is nearly four inches longer and three inches wider, with an inch more ground clearance and three inches of additional wheelbase.

Interior designers took full advantage of Highlander's substantial dimensions. Design intelligence is carried through to the refined interior, where smart and sophisticated blend with practical, flexible and versatile.

The passenger compartment is open and airy. Convenient and innovative interior features such as flexible seating arrangements, and ease of entry and exit, were directly related to customer input.

For example, Highlander's second-row features captain's chairs with armrests that, if needed, can be converted to a bench seat for three passengers. A "Center Stow" seat, when not in use, is hidden in a compartment under the front center console. In its place, passengers can easily snap in the provided center stow center console or choose to leave the area open as a walk-through to the third row. The second row also slides forward and back 4.7 inches and reclines.

Clever and convenient standard features include:
+ a third-row bench seat with foldable headrests for a flat rear cargo area,
+ a rear glass hatch for quick access to the back (optional on base grades),
+ and Smart Start and Entry for Limited and all hybrid models.

When Highlander arrives in July, it will be offered in Base, Sport and Limited grades. All three grades will be powered by a new 3.5-liter V6 that delivers an impressive 270 horsepower -- a 55 horsepower gain over the previous generation's 3.3-liter engine.

Two months later, the all-new Highlander Hybrid will arrive at dealerships. Offered in both Base and Limited grades, all Highlander hybrids will feature Toyota's advanced VDIM stability system.
The system integrates:
+ full-time four-wheel drive with intelligence,
+ electronic brake and throttle control,
+ with true electronically-controlled active steering.

Highlander's advanced Hybrid Synergy Drive system has been extensively upgraded and refined for 2008 for both power and economy. The new Highlander gained about 500 pounds, growing significantly in every dimension and receiving extensive body and chassis reinforcement, aimed specifically at achieving best-in-class crash ratings. Not only were engineers able to increase output to 270 net horsepower, they were able to maintain Highlander Hybrid's impressive fuel economy at 31 city and 27 highway.

The Highlander will be loaded with standard-equipped comfort and convenience features. Nineteen-inch alloy wheels will be standard on both Sport and Limited gas models and both hybrid models.

An array of options and accessories will be offered, such as a power backdoor that can be opened and closed with a key fob, a navigation system with an eight-inch screen, a rear-seat entertainment system with a nine-inch screen, and three-zone air conditioning.

Other options include:
+ JBL audio with six-disc changer and nine speakers with Bluetooth,
+ third-row seat delete to create a second-row model,
+ leather seat trim and heated seats,
+ and a tow package with a 5000-lbs. maximum towing capacity (class-leading for car & van-based mid SUVs).
"The Highlander takes the car-based SUV concept to a new level," said Esmond. "I say that with conviction, because it's a category we invented."

The Toyota RAV4, now in its third generation, was the world's-first car-based SUV. In 1998, Lexus established a whole new category of car-based luxury SUVs when it launched the RX300. The debut of Highlander in 2001 marked the beginning of a shift in the mid-size SUV segment, from truck platforms to car platforms.

"As you can see, the new Highlander has raised the bar significantly," said Esmond. "Last year we did the same with RAV4. And in about a year, we'll do the same with both Land Cruiser and Sequoia. The Toyota division now markets a six-vehicle SUV lineup that appeals to specific buyer demographics and life-stages. It is a lineup that gives us enormous flexibility in responding to shifts in the marketplace. We are committed to keeping our products fresh and at the front of the pack."

Toyota Tundra CrewMax Review and Specs.

2010-08-10T16:40:00.000-07:00

Toyota debuted the 2010 Toyota Tundra full-size pickup truck and an all-new 4.6-liter V8 engine at the Chicago Auto Show. On display are two new packages, including the debut of an all-new Toyota Tundra Platinum Package and the recently announced Tundra Work Truck. Value will be enhanced on all 2010 Toyota Tundra models with the addition of standard and optional exterior, mechanical, safety and convenience feature upgrades.
The new 4.6-liter V8 engine will be available on all 2010 model year Toyota Tundra models. With 310 horsepower, 327 lb-ft. of torque and internal preliminary fuel efficiency estimates of 15 mpg city and 20 mpg on the highway, the new engine is expected to deliver the best combination of power and fuel economy among any standard V8 in the full-size pickup segment. Like Toyota Tundra's optional 5.7-liter V8 engine, the new 4.6-liter V8 will be mated with a six-speed automatic transmission.
For Toyota Tundra buyers looking for a higher level of refinement and additional convenience features, the 2010 Tundra will offer a new Platinum Package that will be available on 2010 Toyota Tundra CrewMax Limited models equipped with the 5.7-liter V8 and Flex Fuel powertrains. The package contains a vast assortment of features that make the CrewMax Limited virtually monospec and will carry a manufacturers suggested retail price (MSRP) of $5,140.

On the outside, the Platinum Package includes a new Limited grade billet-style grille with chrome bumpers, unique 20-inch alloy wheels and tires, daytime running lamps, door sill protectors with a Platinum logo, and Platinum badging.
Toyota Tundra CrewMaxThe Platinum Package will be available in four exterior colors that include Black, Silver, Slate, and Salsa Red.
Inside, the top-of-the-line package adds an array of luxury comfort and convenience features including a power memory function on the driver's seat, outside power mirrors and puddle lamps, and a tilt and telescopic steering wheel. Also included in the Platinum Package is a power tilt and slide moonroof, navigation system, ventilated seats with a unique perforated leather seating surface, wood trimmed shift knob and door switch plates, auto up/down driver and front passenger windows, chrome accented HVAC vents and controls, and headrests with an embroidered Platinum logo.

Designed to deliver only the features commercial truck buyers need to get the job done, the Toyota Tundra work truck will be offered at a reduced MSRP. Toyota Tundra models equipped with the work truck are expected to carry a price adjustment that will range from $550 to $655 less than the truck's standard MSRP, depending on the model. Final pricing of the work truck will be announced shortly before the vehicle goes on sale this spring.On the outside, the Toyota Tundra work truck Package will include black bumpers and grille surround, replacing chrome. Power mirrors are replaced by manual outside rearview mirrors.

Inside, the truck comes with easily washable vinyl bench seats and rubber floors. To appeal to target buyers, several Toyota Tundra standard personal-use features have been replaced or removed. Tundra's standard silver instrument panel and HVAC controls are replaced by basic black and include voltage, oil pressure and warning lamps in place of gauges. Lighting in the ignition key ring and the glove box are removed along with map and door courtesy lamps. The package also excludes cruise control and the remote keyless entry as standard features, although separate Work Truck packages will be offered with these features.

All 2010 Toyota Tundra models receive a freshened look with a redesigned front grille and taillamp design. The Tundra and SR5 grades will receive similar grille designs and the Limited grade will be equipped with a unique billet-style grille. Additional standard equipment on all Toyota Tundra models include driver and front passenger knee airbags, height-adjustable headlamps, and a redesigned seven-pin towing hitch connector that sits above the hitch to help avoid damage during high departure angle driving. Also, a shelf to help organize storage space has been added to the lower glovebox.

Two new optional audio systems supplement the three existing systems. The new Tech Audio system features AM/FM/CD, integrated satellite radio receiver, Bluetooth®, auxiliary and USB inputs and six speakers. In addition to the carryover JBL navigation system, a new non-JBL navigation system includes AM/FM/CD, auxiliary input, a backup camera monitor and six speakers.

With a focus on utility, the Tundra Work Truck Package is aimed at commercial truck buyers in industries such as farming, ranching and construction, or those who require a tough no-frills truck with exceptional cargo and towing capacity. The new work truck will be available on Toyota Tundra 4x2 and 4x4 Regular Cab and four-door Double Cab models in standard and long bed configurations. It will be available with a V6 or one of two V8 engines including Toyota Tundra's powerful 381 horsepower 5.7-liter i-Force V8, with a towing capability of up to 10,800 pounds.

2010 Honda VFR1200F.

2010-08-02T07:19:00.000-07:00

HONDA on Friday launched its international road-sport motorcycle ‘VFR1200F' in the fun bike segment.In India at a Price of Rs. 17.50-lakh, the superbike comes with 1,237cc fuel-injected, liquid cooled engine and dual clutch transmission (DCT) technology.

Meet the 2010 Honda VFR1200F.
Going into the press introduction of the 2010 Honda VFR1200F there were a couple big questions that needed to be answered. First, why is Honda holding the introduction at the Sugo racing facility rather than simply offering us a street ride? And exactly what class does this motorcycle belong in? That brings us to the 3.5-mile-long Sportsland Sugo Circuit, just outside of Murata, Japan, where I hoped that the dozen VFR motorcycles queued up and ready to ride would provide some answers.

There are two versions of the VFR1200F. The standard model features a six-speed transmission while the other utilizes Honda’s Dual Clutch Transmission. The two bikes are identical to the naked eye with the exception that the DCT model has no shift or clutch levers. You might recall we first sampled a version of the DCT technology on the 2009 Honda Rancher ATV so I am familiar with how the system works. Basically the internals are a traditional transmission, but the Dual Clutch queues up two gears simultaneously, one odd and one even, with only one gear actually engaged at any given time so that when a shift is initiated the gear-swap happens almost instantly.

Powering the new VFR is the latest generation of Honda’s signature V4 engine. This liquid-cooled 1237cc 76-degree V4 uses lessons learned from the V5-powered RC211V MotoGP program. Remember everyone was hoping that this bike would incorporate the V5 back when rumor of its existence first surfaced? At least this design took cues from that layout. The front two cylinders are spread wider than the rear pair so that the engine can be slim to the rear. This helps keep the bike narrow at the waist and more comfortable for the rider while aiding mass centralization. Inside the V4 the heads incorporate a Unicam valve train that was first used on Honda’s CRF dirt bikes. Using this arrangement helped to keep weight down and reduces the overall size of the engine. Exhaust is evacuated through a quartet of unequal-length headers that come together at the base of a funky-looking right-side muffler which caps off a system designed to sound as good as it performs. I found that it really does sound great, especially at the upper end of the rev range when the engine is at full song.
The 2010 Honda VFR1200F engine is nestled tightly in its twin-spar aluminum frame. Notice how the front cylinder headers wrap around the front in a horizontal plane. Every bit of available space is used.
The 2010 Honda VFR1200F engine is nestled tightly in its twin-spar aluminum frame. Notice how the front cylinder headers wrap around the front in a horizontal plane and every bit of available space is used.

On the track is where it became obvious that the VFR1200F is a sportbike first, that just happens to be comfortable enough double as a touring machine. Although it’s really too big for track duty it still handles its claimed 613-lb curb weight well, and the slipper clutch makes for calm downshifts when attacking corners. Its OEM-spec Dunlop Roadsmart tires provided plenty of traction considering this is supposed to be a high-mileage sport-touring tire. I’m not going to lie, the bike did slide around a bit but what can you expect? Considering the VFR utilizes a shaft drive, it is important to note that driveline lash was almost non-existent. By incorporating a sliding CV-joint at the far end of the single-sided swingarm with an off-set pivot point, the design allows the shaft to move more freely than some other designs as the suspension travels up and down.

This is the first Honda motorcycle that incorporates ‘throttle-by-wire’ technology as well. After watching competitors work the gremlins out of their fly-by-wire technology, Honda has finally brought its version to the table.
This chassis as a whole worked brilliantly under the conditions we tested in, so time will tell if it proves to be as adept at long-range touring as it is to sport riding. It all starts with a twin-spar aluminum “diamond-configuration” frame joined to the handsome swingarm with a Pro-link rear shock, adjustable for rebound only, and a 43mm inverted fork with preload adjustability. Rake measures in at 25.5-degrees with 101mm of trail and mates with the long swingarm to provide a ride that is very stable at high speeds yet agile enough to be worthy of being considered a sportbike.

A combined braking system with standard ABS is up to the task of shedding speed and keeping things under control when it comes time to haul this beast to a stop. I’m generally not a big fan of linked brakes, but in this case Honda seems to have gotten the ratio working well. A pair of radial-mount six-piston calipers and massive 320mm rotors do most of the hard work while a dual-piston rear caliper and a single 276mm disc make up the back half of the system. It does lack a level of feel compared to a non-linked system, but still works well under the harsh track conditions at Sugo with its hard, downhill braking zones and ultra-fast Turn 1 that requires the bike to scrub-off speed quickly from over 150 mph. I could feel the ABS working with its soft pulse on the lever indicating that I might have been going in a little too hot on occasion.

The VFR1200F features radial-mount, 6-piston Nissin calipers with 320mm discs. ABS comes standard. The unit also features Honda's latest version of its linked braking system.
Connecting the corners is a lot of fun with that big V4 purring, growling and making serious power across the rev range. No matter where I was on the track and whether I was riding the automatic (in S-mode) or the manual transmission bike, it is an absolute rocket. Now to be fair, there are probably a couple of faster sport-touring bikes available, but the VFR will give them a run for their money. The fly-by wire throttle is very well-sorted and exhibits no hint of hesitation or unwanted abrupt reaction when getting on or off the gas. As the power builds from above four-grand, where Honda claims the engine makes 90% of peak power, the bike starts to move with authority. On the narrow roads outside Sugo the power delivery proved to be equally entertaining, whether I was chugging along with the engine low in the revs or keeping it in the meat of the power for quick bursts of acceleration, there’s always enough to get the bike moving forward quickly when asked. Although power is important for anyone considering buying a VFR1200F, the aspect of this motorcycle that I’m most impressed with is the performance afforded by the Dual Clutch Transmission.

The Automatic version of the 2010 Honda VFR1200F has no clutch lever and no shift lever. This is the most obvious visual difference between the two models.
The Automatic version of the 2010 Honda VFR1200F has no clutch lever and no shift lever. This is the most obvious visual difference between the two models.
When riding the DCT bike it’s clear that the system is dialed in. There are two modes to can select from while on the fly, D-mode for regular or street riding and S-mode for sport riding. In D-mode the bike shifts well-before it starts making real power. Instead, it just chugs along, shifting gears and accelerating in a mellow manner in order to maximum fuel efficiency and minimize strain on the rider. Don’t be misled into thinking the auto clutch is a snoozer. In S-mode the motorcycle is as fun as the standard version. To my surprise the bike shifts in a very intuitive manner, making both up- and downshifts precisely and effectively on the track to the point where I was comfortable letting the bike do the work while I focused on enjoying myself on the winding, twisty Sugo race track. The VFR never initiated an unwanted shift, and yet if you don’t agree with the gear it chooses then simply select a different gear with the paddle shifter. The bike reverts to manual mode as soon as you intervene.

The lines of the VFR1200F are big and bold, but this is a motorcycle that we believe is going to be most popular among sport-touring riders who are looking for something a little different.

What the arrival of this technology does for the consumer is to make riding accessible to people who may think a big-bore sport-touring motorcycle like this might be too much for them. The automatic transmission should reduce apprehension among less experienced riders and more intriguing to someone who may not feel they have the skill to make shifts, use the clutch effectively and generally operate a motorcycle of this caliber. It is all about making the riding experience available to more people, because operating a traditional motorcycle is something the more experienced riders among us might take for granted. Of course, the counter argument is whether or not we need inexperienced riders on a bike with this much power.

My answer is that while the VFR is a sportbike with a marvelous engine, it does not have the liter-bike acceleration of a CBR1000RR and there are plenty of other bikes already out there that people can buy that will get them in over their heads. On the contrary, Honda is trying to make riding safer. Plus, if consumers embrace the DCT they will find riding around in D-mode will provide a rather mellow riding experience and could possibly make sport-touring more appealing to more people. At least, that’s the plan.

The fit and finish is tidy with rich, thick paint that you can use as a vanity mirror if the need arises, a good-looking aluminum frame, a single-sided, shaft-driven swingarm and 7-spoke wheels that complete an overall impressive package.

When the sun set on our day of riding and exploring aboard the Honda VFR1200F, we finally had the answers to those important questions. It turns out that the race track was a good location for the release of this motorcycle because it’s a sportbike first and a touring bike second. The VFR features state-of-the-art engine technology and a chassis that is equally ready to handle anything we can put it through on the street. The VFR is simply entertaining to ride and that means it is going to be equally at home in the canyons or gobbling up highway miles. As far as the class of motorcycle it belongs in, well let’s just say the 2010 VFR1200F represents the next evolution of the touring market. It’s fast, fun and offers almost everything a rider could expect from a motorcycle.

Memorable Motorcycles Ariel Square 4G.

2010-07-25T17:33:00.001-07:00

Memorable Motorcycles 1958 Ariel Square 4G.
Ariel Motorcycles were advocates of the four cylinder powerplant since 1930, with its unique Square Four.
Looking back at history through a rose-tinted visor is often a dangerous exercise. Yes, we did have limitless freedom when I was a kid - but we also had our house heated by one paraffin stove and my bedroom window was covered in ice - on the inside - for much of winter!

Although I am a proud Englishman, I try to be objective regarding the British bike industry and the truth is that much of it was a tribute to mediocrity. Appalling management, dire products and short sighted, militant unions all worked happily together to destroy British motorcycle manufacturing.

But in the midst of the chaos there were, occasionally, missed opportunities which still bring tears to my eyes. One of the best examples of what should have happened, but didn’t, was the untimely end of the Ariel Square Four.

Let me begin by telling you what it is like to ride a “Square Four”. No other classic bike - British or from anywhere else in the world - gets within a light year of the sophistication and elegant grace of riding the big Ariel. The sales tagline for the “Square Four” was: “Ten miles to a hundred miles an hour, in top gear.” And it is absolutely true.

1958 Ariel Square 4G
Ample power and small size made the 1958 Ariel Square 4G a pleasing experience.
The softly tuned, 1000cc motor produces only 42 hp - probably less than the comparable 650 Triumph of the day - but whilst the Meriden bike is all snarls, vibration and coarse power the Ariel is the epitome of gentility. Even today, there are few more satisfying motorcycling experiences than the magic carpet ride of the burbling, softly spoken “Square Four”.
Ariel had been advocates of four cylinder motorcycles since 1930 when the first “Four” was shown at Olympia. This had been drawn by Edward Turner, later of Triumph fame, and it was a neat, 500cc overhead cam design. In typical Turner fashion, there was nothing radically innovative about the motor but rather good, practical engineering. The engine was effectively two Parallel Twins linked together on a common crankcase. The engine was small and light enough to fit straight into existing single cylinder chassis.

Turner said: “'I wanted to provide a four-cylinder engine small enough for use in a solo motorcycle, yet producing ample power for really high performance without undue compression, racing cams or a big-choke carburetor. I was aiming at the ultimate reliability with the minimum of attention.”

In 1937, Turner’s engine was given a complete redesign by Ariel. It became a 1000cc motor - now with the valves operated by push-rod rather than OHC - but still combining the key advantages of the Square Four design: all the smoothness of a four-cylinder motor but with the width, and mass centralization of a Twin. With the firing order at 90 degrees, no classic engine got near to the smoothness which the “Squariel” achieved.

Finally, this motor became the iconic Ariel 4G with four exhaust pipes and all alloy from top to bottom. Not only did this engine function very well but it was one of the most beautiful motors ever to reach production.

Although Ariel always made good bikes, like many of the smaller British motorcycle manufacturers they were permanently under capitalized and lacked economies of scale. Take the magnificent Square 4 as an example. During the whole 26-year production run Ariel made only 15,641 examples of the bike - about the same as Honda were producing during the British factory’s morning tea break.
Ariel’s one big chance was to be taken under the mighty BSA banner - which they were in 1944. At first, Ariel were left alone to do their own thing but even BSA’s ultra conservative management must have seen that - the Square 4 apart - almost everything that Ariel produced was replicated in the BSA model line-up. Even worse, many of Ariel’s products were re-badged BSA products and were just as conservative as BSA’s dull offerings. Even the color schemes of maroon and black were modest in the extreme.

1958 Ariel Square 4G
The Ariel Square 4's odd rear suspension was delicate and required far too much maintenance.
This left the Square Four as the star of the range - but it was a star isolated in its own galaxy. The problems were numerous. In 1956, when every other manufacturer was using conventional swinging-arm suspension, the “Four” clung to the complex and expensive Anstey link which had been designed in house by Ariel’s Frank Anstey.

Theoretically, this complex system provided constant chain tension but this benefit was crushed by the lack of damping and its horrendous complexity. Ariel recommended greasing the numerous pins and bushes every 250 miles. Take a long trip to the beach with your girlfriend - and stop on the way back for roadside maintenance. How attractive was that?

Although the engine was sublime when it ran well - it often didn’t! The two rear cylinders have very little exposed cooling area. This causes them to overheat, warp the cylinder head and leak. Almost worse, the front two cylinders, being cooled by turbulent air caused by the Squariel’s generous front mudguard, also run white hot. Things are not any better with the induction system which threads its way through the center of the engine and causes the charge to run hot before it gets near combustion: hence the low power output for a 1000cc engine.

Finally, the gearbox was separate to the engine and was a special unit supplied by Burman. With miniscule sales, Burman were never keen to keep making the ‘box just for the “Four”.
This brings us to the bike in our test. In 1957, Ariel produced two Square Four Fs. These were modernized Four Gs and were intended to keep the Square Four alive. The bike we are showing is a faithful replica of the “F” model which never made production. Now housed in a swinging arm frame, the “F” model is undoubtedly the best looking of all the Square Fours - but was it too little too late?

The big Ariel’s needs were numerous. Yes, the concept is perfect but the 1000cc Four demanded water-cooling and it badly needed to be unit construction, to reduce its length. This would have given a huge leap in performance at which point the woefully inadequate brakes would have had to be replaced by much more powerful, twin leading shoe units. The crude front forks, which had only compression damping, would have needed upgrading. Was the mighty BSA empire ever going to give its adopted child this sort of tender loving care? Not a chance!

So why should you sell your first born son to own a Squariel now? Primarily, because, as I said at the start of this article, nothing gives such an imperial riding experience.

1958 Ariel Square 4G
The Square 4G is an admirable example of practical engineering.
Robin James Engineering, who are one of the world’s leading classic bike restorers have mixed feelings over the Ariel. Robin said: “We have done a number of successful restorations of the “Four” but we insist on fitting a high capacity oil pump. The Square Four’s cooling is simply ineffective and the only way to keep the engine at a safe working temperature is to use a high oil flow as a coolant.

“If the owner wants to ride the bike regularly then we insist on having an oil cooler fitted. With a high capacity oil pump, and an oil cooler, the engine will be reliable - but only if the bike is ridden sensitively.

“Care needs to be taken with the handling too. The Anstey link rear suspension and the basic front forks, combined with the Ariel’s weight, mean that the “Four” is no Manx Norton. It needs be ridden thoughtfully and with respect for its handling limitations.”

So, a sublime riding experience - but with a container load of challenges not the least of which are current asking prices. Expect to part with at least $15,000 for a nice Square Four - and another $10,000 on top of that for a stunning example.

Memorable Motorcycle: BSA Victor Special.

2010-07-25T16:22:00.000-07:00

Memorable Motorcycle: BSA Victor Special.

The key to understanding the BSA Victor Special’s concept lies in the bike’s name - and the very different way in which motocross was viewed in the 1960s. BSA won the 500cc World Motocross Championship in 1964 and 1965 and 40 years ago, motocross success was good for road bike sales.

Rather than being a specialized niche activity the vast majority of road riders knew about motocross and the mainstream motorcycle press gave the sport as much coverage as they did road racing.

So this explains the “Victor” connotation: a bike which was directly related to World Championship motocross success.

The Victor GP racer was very much the younger brother of the innocuous 250cc BSA C.15 road bike - a machine never intended for racing. By the time it transmuted into the Victor, the 441cc bike had been bored and stroked and the power vastly increased. What had been retained - almost - was the C.15’s 250cc motorcycle weight.
For a factory motocross machine, this was ideal. A works Victor was some 100 lbs lighter than a Goldstar and although the engine made 12 bhp less than the Goldie, the handling and acceleration were vastly better.

BSA Victor Special
Close to 100 lbs lighter than a Goldstar, the BSA Victor Special had improved handling and acceleration.
The works machines needed performance, not longevity. If a factory machine lasted the 40 minutes, plus two laps, of motocross GP then its job was done. There was an unlimited supply of new bits to keep the bikes fresh - and clever mechanics to ensure that the bikes were in race winning condition.

So far, so good. The problems began when BSA decided to cash in on their success by converting the already fragile Victor works bikes into production machines. In fact, the first Victors to be sold were pure race machines. It was only later, in 1967, that the road versions appeared.

From the outset, the Victors were beset with problems. Mechanically, the bikes were not robust. The C.15 derived gearbox and clutch were always fragile and, when put into the hands of less than mechanically sensitive owners, they became a real issue.

The big-end and main bearings were right on the edge of their design limit and provided BSA dealers with ample spare parts sales.

The Lucas electrics were also a nightmare - pun intended - particularly in their Energy Transfer form which, theoretically at least, allowed the bike to run without a battery.
Even at the time of their launch in 1968, the Victors seemed very old fashioned. Here’s the procedure which came between the new BSA owner and his first ride. First gently flood the Amal carburettor - but not a molecule too much gas or you will wet the plug and the motor will never start. Bring the piston up to top dead center on the ignition stroke; engage the valve lifter; ease the piston over tdc just a fraction; take a long swing at the kick starter and, once the bike fires, catch it on the throttle – but only with the merest whiff of gas. For an expert, the process is automatic - and inculcates a wonderful sense of smug satisfaction when the Victor bursts obediently into life.
BSA Victor Special
One of the main issues with converting the Victor to a road bike was its need of constant upkeep under skilled hands.
BSA Victor Special

By contrast, a beginner could kick a Victor until he was blue in the face and the thing still wouldn’t start. Alternatively, he could buy a Honda and ride away seconds after he had pressed the electric starter button.

The Victor also needed to be ridden with a degree of circumspection. A nice Victor is theoretically capable of something in the region of 85 mph flat out. The problem is that ridden like this, the motor will self-destruct in hours - which isn’t that much of a problem because the vibration will have killed the rider long before the engine blows up.

What the Victor does do well is accelerate hard - and it rides like a 250cc machine which has been taking a large dose of illegal steroids. This is hardly surprising because the Victor is a 250cc machine which has been taking a large dose of illegal steroids.
Victors came in various flavours from pure road bike to our test bike - which is the best of all: the Victor Special. We have the Americans to thank for this bike because in 1967 US customers were screaming for dirt bike styled road machines - and none was better looking than the Victor Special.

All the motocross machine’s feather light weight was retained - along with the race derived front forks, gas tank and paint job. The front wheel was BSA’s highly effective 7-inch unit and meant that the bike could stop on a dime. In fact, the Victor was potentially a generation ahead of anything else in the world.

But “whats” and “ifs” litter history and no more so than the Victor. If BSA - who had the capital and resources at the time - had built a reliable overhead cam engine, with a bullet proof five-speed gearbox and fault-free electrics, then the Victor was destined to be the first, successful, dual sport bike and would have been a motorcycling icon: but they didn’t.
BSA Victor Special
In addition to its light weight and race-derived front forks, the Victor Special had a special visual appeal for customers who wanted a dirt bike-styled streetbike.

So today and to the $64,000 question: should you buy a Victor today? Strangely, the answer is yes - and for a number of reasons. First, the Victor Special in particular is a real looker. If you hanker after being the GP motocross star you never were when you were 16 years old, nothing will excite like the red BSA logo sitting proudly on the polished alloy and Spectramaster Yellow gas tank.
Next, the bikes are pretty well sorted now. An easily fitted electronic ignition makes starting much easier and that fragile gearbox is fine, now that the motor is not being revved to oblivion and the gears are not being stamped in without using the clutch.

Finally, used as a classic bike the performance is very acceptable. The engine is punchy and, if the revs are kept down, the vibration is fun and full of “character”, rather than enthusiastically self-destructive. The Victor is feather light at around 275 lbs on the road - and is anorexically slim and therefore incredibly easy to ride. In short, you can have a great Sunday afternoon ride and be surrounded by admirers when you stop for a soda.
There is also more good news. BSA made a lot of Victors and the bikes are not uncommon. A ready supply of the bike which never quite made it as a motorcycling deity means that a nice, clean, usable Victor could be yours for less than $5,000 and with the current sky high values of classic bikes, that’s something of a bargain.

Mercedes-Benz redefines leadership with the launch of the SLS AMG in India!

2010-07-17T19:42:00.000-07:00

Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG launched in India!
Dr. Wilfried Aulbur, Managing Director and CEO of Mercedes-Benz India: “The SLS represents the true spirit of our brand: It is “The Best or Nothing” in terms of emotion, design, racing exhilaration, path braking motorsports technology, while at the same time offering Mercedes-Benz quality, safety, and functionality. We are excited to launch the vehicle in India just a few weeks after the start of production of RHD vehicles in Germany.”
India is amongst the first right hand drive markets to launch the Gullwing super sports car within the first few weeks of its production (first RHD production : June 2010)
Since its presentation in January 2010, the SLS AMG has already achieved 10 confirmed customer bookings from India.
The SLS AMG has captivated people all across the world with its purist design, intelligent lightweight construction and superior handling dynamics. It is the first independently developed vehicle by AMG in its illustrious history spanning over 40 years. It not only takes AMG, the performance brand within Mercedes-Benz Cars, into a new era, but also demonstrates development expertise of the very highest order.

Dr. Wilfried Aulbur, Managing Director and CEO of Mercedes-Benz India commented: “The SLS AMG represents the true spirit of our brand- ‘The Best or Nothing’! It embodies passion, performance, design, technology and engineering excellence- values that make us one of the most exciting brands in the world, today.”
The Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG embodies a blend of consummate automotive fascination and high tech. The super sports car delivers a compelling mix of purist styling, consistent lightweight design and superior driving dynamics. At the same time, the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG fully lives up to all the expectations of hallmark Mercedes everyday practicality and optimum safety. In essence, the new 'Gullwing' offers the ideal synthesis of the strengths of Mercedes-Benz and AMG.

The new super sports car from Mercedes-Benz and AMG makes for an alluring proposition with its unrivalled technology package: aluminium spaceframe body with gullwing doors, AMG 6.3-litre V8 front-mid engine developing 420 kW/ 571 hp peak output, 650 Nm of torque and dry sump lubrication, seven-speed dual-clutch transmission in a transaxle configuration, sports suspension with aluminium double wishbones and a kerb weight of 1620 kilograms based on the DINstandard - this superlative combination guarantees driving dynamics of the highest order. The ideal front/rear weight distribution of 47 to 53 percent and the vehicle's low centre of gravity are testimony to the uncompromising sports car concept. The 'Gullwing' accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in 3.8 seconds, before going on to a top speed of 317 km/h (electronically limited). The fuel consumption of 13.2 litres per 100 kilometres (combined) puts it at the front of the competitive field (all figures provisional).

"Mercedes-Benz is presenting an exhilarating super sports car in the guise of the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG, which is bound to set the pulses of all car enthusiasts racing that extra bit faster. The brands Mercedes-Benz and AMG have joined forces to create the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG - which is set to become one of the most alluring sports cars of all time", says Dr. Dieter Zetsche, Chairman of the Board of Management of Daimler AG and Head of Mercedes-Benz Cars.

Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG:
"Our customers will experience with the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG the expertise of Mercedes-AMG, built up over 40 years of motor racing. The unrivalled technology package delivers outstanding driving dynamics coupled with moderate fuel consumption figures - part and parcel of the modern-day AMG," says Volker Mornhinweg, Chairman of Mercedes-AMG GmbH.

"The styling of the new Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG is not only very special because of the exclusive gullwing doors. Our aspiration is to utilise this interpretation to create the classic of tomorrow and roll out the most alluring sports car of the 21st century. Our aim is also to create a new design icon, which shapes the incomparable legend of our brand, alongside Mercedes models like the CLS or the SL. At the same time, the new Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG paves the way for the design philosophy of forthcoming Mercedes-Benz sports cars", says Gorden Wagener, Head of Design at Mercedes-Benz Cars.

Design: purist, distinctive and passionate
The distinctive styling of the new Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG enthrals with its passionate sportiness and reinterprets the breathtaking lines of the Mercedes-Benz 300 SL - one of the outstanding design icons of the Mercedes-Benz brand. With its purist design the new SLS AMG reflects the philosophy of contemporary sports car engineering: the bonnet which measures just under two metres, the low greenhouse positioned well to the rear and the short rear-end with an extendable aerofoil are just as powerful a reminder of the superlative dynamism as the long wheelbase, the wide track and the large wheels. The short overhangs feed through into the proportions, just as does the design of the super sports car with its low-slung front-mid engine set well back and dual-clutch transmission in transaxle configuration. An undoubted styling highlight comes courtesy of the gullwing doors which lend the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG its incomparable charisma - making a unique statement in this vehicle segment.
The gullwing doors are not alone in rekindling memories of the Mercedes-Benz 300 SL; the hallmark wide radiator grille with the large Mercedes star and the wing-shaped cross fins are a throwback to the front-end of the sports car legend. The three-dimensional, sculptured front-end with its low-set, swept-back front apron set well into the sides lends the 'Gullwing' its powerful stance on the road. Six large cooling air intakes and the vertically arranged headlamps set well to the outside with their alluring inner ambience provide a dominant aura: the central bi-xenon low-beam headlamp with its metallic wing section is framed at the top by two LED indicators and the LED daytime driving lights at the bottom.
Influences from aircraft construction
Allusions to aircraft construction come courtesy of the prominent Mercedes star, whose tubular section is reminiscent of the air intake on a jet engine when viewed from the side, as well as the long bonnet: as the eye is drawn forward, so the observer becomes more aware of the curve. The design of the four fins with their Silver Shadow finish that adorn the two air outlet grilles on the end of the bonnet create the same visual impression. These aircraft-style lines also visually accelerate the air that flows past - and make the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG appear extremely dynamic even while stationary.
The fins on the bonnet are taken up on the vehicle flanks: the connoisseur also discovers here a hallmark styling feature of the 300 SL. The "6.3" lettering placed between the fins provides a clear reference to the high-displacement naturally aspirated V8 engine. The side air outlet feeds through into a stylistically prominent feature line, which together with the convex flanks and the exhilarating surface treatment, combines aesthetics with power. The compact passenger compartment proves as alluring as it is unmistakable. With its high beltline, low side windows and steeply angled windscreen it comes across as a kind of visor. The forward angled B-pillar with its stylish flowing sweep to the rear window exudes pure dynamism.
Side view dominated by muscle and shoulder
Seen from the side, the eye is drawn to the prominent vehicle shoulder of the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG, which stretches like a taut muscle from the front to the rear. Distinctive 19-inch (front) and 20-inch (rear) light-alloy wheels fill the wheel arches, which stand out prominently from the sidewall. Three different wheel variants all provide a glimpse of the large high-performance composite brakes. Seen from above, a prominent, uninterrupted line runs from the muscle to the rear. This styling feature is also picked up on the bonnet where the eye follows a distinctive contour which flows over the roof between the gullwing doors, right through to the third brake light.

The rear view of the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG also exudes dynamism and power: the gently sloping boot lid emphasises a sense of width, an impression reinforced by the prominent vehicle shoulder and the sleek tail lights: fitted with LED technology, the horizontally structured lighting units provide a scintillating view. Wing-shaped LED lighting elements ensure a distinctive, enthralling night design. The Formula-1-style LED fog lamp/reversing light is set down low in the centre. Similarly inspired by motor racing are the black diffuser insert and the two chromed tailpipes of the sports exhaust system. The strikingly tapered rear apron provides an unimpeded view of the wide rear wheels, lending the 'Gullwing' its self-assured stance on the road. The spoiler integrated in the boot lid is automatically deployed from a speed of 120 km/h to ensure optimum stability at high speeds.

New colours: "AMG ALU-BEAM silver" and two matt finishes:
The colour charts for the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG include nine exclusive paint finishes. The highlight comes in the shape of the unique "AMG ALU-BEAM silver" paintwork: the new, unique process makes the paint shine like liquid metal. The paint covers the body panels like a metallic skin, emphasises the scintillating design lines of the 'Gullwing' more strongly than any previous paint job and makes them even livelier by means of targeted light reflections. This effect is made possible thanks to tiny pigments measuring between 30 and 50 nanometres.
The two matt finishes "designo magno allanite grey" and "AMG magno sylvanite grey" are just as eye-catching: with their matt silk surface they reinforce the sporty character of the two-seater through specific contouring of the crease lines.
Interior with allusions to aircraft construction and motor sports practicality
You only need to open the gullwing doors on the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG and ease into the sports seats to experience a whole new level of interior. The Mercedes-Benz designers took their inspiration from aircraft construction when styling the interior - immediately bringing an aircraft cockpit to mind. The characteristic styling feature is the dashboard, whose powerful and dramatic wing shape makes for an impression of width. Strikingly integrated into the dashboard are the galvanised air vents with their adjustable, cruciform nozzles and Silver Shadow finish - their shape reminiscent of a jet's engines. The instrument cluster with its LED upshift indicator and two white backlit dial instruments add another decidedly sporty touch with their metallic Silver Shadow finish. The silver dials have red needles and a 360 km/h speedometer scale. As a central feature of the cockpit, the COMAND APSmultimedia system with its 7-inch screen is integrated between the two centre air vents.
The elongated centre console in matt metal similarly picks up on the design theme of the aircraft cockpit. It is home to the AMG DRIVE UNIT, which is inclined towards the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG driver and allows them to choose their very own vehicle setup. The E-SELECT shift lever, whose styling recalls the thrust control of a jet, controls the AMG SPEEDSHIFT DCT 7-speed sports transmission. All the controls are made out of solid metal, with a high-sheen Silver Shadow surface.
The concave inner panels of the gullwing doors, the high beltline and the powerful side sill panels round off the cockpit-like impression, while imparting a feeling of sports car-like ergonomics. Fine materials such as nappa leather, solid metal and (optional) genuine carbon-fibre facings underline the pronounced "custom-built" nature of the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG interior, and show enormous attention to detail. Five different designo leather colours are available to meet individual preferences: black, classic red, sand, porcelain and light brown.

Wide-opening gullwing doors for easy entry:
Despite the low sitting position of just 369 millimetres in typical sports car fashion, the wide-opening gullwing doors make it easy to get in and out of the vehicle. At the design stage great attention was paid to the widest possible opening angle - it is a full 70 degrees. Equally importantly, the distance between the open doors and the road surface is a generous 1.50 metres, while the entry aperture between the open doors and the upper edge of the door sills measures no less than 1.08 metres. The entrance height, i.e. the distance between the road surface and the upper edge of the door sills is a very low 45 centimetres. As another important criterion for dignified access and egress, two gas-pressure struts positioned next to the door hinges require only very little pressure when opening and closing the doors - even at very low ambient temperatures.
The gullwing doors require less opening space than conventional coupé doors, and can be fully opened in a normal garage. The door is opened from inside by a handle finished in Silver Shadow. The grip section of the armrest moulded into the interior door panel ensures problem-free door closing. The operating buttons for the power windows, central locking system and exterior mirror adjustment are also located in the interior door panels for easy access. The feeling of comfortable spaciousness is in large measure due to the generous shoulder-room of 1483 millimetres and elbow room of no less than 1606 millimetres. In conjunction with the generous maximum headroom of 990 millimetres and effective legroom for the driver of 1058 millimetres, the result is a low but extremely relaxed seating position. At the same time the intentionally steep angle of the windscreen ensures good all-round visibility for the passengers.
Sports seats with magnesium backrests
The sports seat backrests are made from magnesium, a high-tech material that combines light weight with high strength. This leads to significant advantages where weight distribution and a low centre of gravity are concerned. The sports seats feature so-called two-zone seat cushions. Prominent side bolsters with a harder foam filling provide optimal lateral support, while the inner areas of the seat cushion and backrest are softer for a high level of comfort on long journeys. In conjunction with the Memory package (optional), the fore-and-aft position, seat height, backrest angle, squab angle and steering column are electrically adjustable; three individual settings can also be stored.
Four-way lumbar supports reliably protect the lower spine, while adjustable side bolsters in the backrests effectively improve lateral support on fast bends. Three-stage seat heating and seat occupancy/child seat recognition in the passenger seat are also standard equipment.
The sports seats with integrated head restraints and sporty transverse fluting are upholstered in designo leather - and two-tone seats are also available in classic red, sand and porcelain. If light brown is chosen as an interior colour, the sports seats are upholstered in natural leather with particularly high-quality woven leather on the centre seat panels. Depending on the colour combination, fluorescent or black piping provides another sporty touch.
The Performance leather steering wheel in a three-spoke design has a 365-millimetre rim with a flattened lower section, shift paddles and a metal insert, underlining the authentic custom-built look and ensuring the best possible vehicle control.

A host of stowage space for hallmark Mercedes day-to-day suitability
The interior of the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG also impresses with the practical stowage space that makes for the day-to-day suitability typical of a Mercedes. The 3.7-litre glove compartment with a spectacles section is integrated into the dashboard on the passenger side. To the right of the E-SELECT shift lever there is a small stowage tray with a 12 V socket, or an ashtray with cigar lighter. The armrest behind the centre console not only serves to operate the COMAND Controller: at the touch of a button, the armrest can be moved in two stages to reveal a stowage compartment underneath. This has two cupholders and the telephone cradle (optional), and a holder for the ignition key in the rear section. Other items can be stowed on the rear wall between the seats and in the parcel net in the passenger footwell. Two fixed clothes hooks are attached to the seat backrests, while those in the roof liner fold down and are silicon-insulated.
The button to unlock the boot lid is located underneath the light switch. Alternatively the boot can be opened using the ignition key. The luggage compartment can hold up to 176 litres. A made-to-measure luggage set is available as an option, which enables the boot space to be used to full advantage.
Aluminium spaceframe for lightweight design and outstanding strength
The Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG is also breaking the mould when it comes to the body concept: for the first time, Mercedes-Benz and AMG are presenting a car with an aluminium chassis and body. Compared with the traditional steel design, this results in a significant weight saving, clearly illustrated in the DIN kerb weight of 1620 kilograms.

The newly developed bodyshell comprises an aluminium spaceframe. This exclusive design combines intelligent lightweight design with outstanding strength - thus delivering superlative driving dynamics. Lightweight aluminium sections connect the force nodes to a sturdy structure. The large, low-set cross-sections of these aluminium sections ensure high resistance torque, thus providing the required direct transfer of drive, braking and suspension forces. The structure prevents unwanted flexibility; the vehicle responds rigidly, almost without twisting and directly.
45 percent of the intelligent, weight-optimised aluminium spaceframe is made out of aluminium sections, 31 percent out of aluminium sheet, 20 percent out of aluminium cast and 4 percent out of steel. Maximum occupant safety requires the use of ultra-high-strength, heat-formed steel in the A-pillars. The bodyshell weighs 241 kilograms - an absolute benchmark in the super sports car segment when compared with the peak output of 420 kW/571 hp.
Low centre of gravity and transverse reinforcing struts for superb dynamism
The entire vehicle concept has been designed to achieve a centre of gravity that is as low as possible. This applies both to the low connection of the powertrain and axles as well as to the arrangement of the stiffness-relevant bodyshell structure, which has been kept as low as possible. Examples include the rigid flexural and torque connections between the front and rear section and the safety passenger cell, which have been realised consistently using force paths that are as low as possible. This results not only in a low centre of gravity but also a harmonious and, thus, efficient force path in the vehicle structure.

Another prominent feature of the lightweight construction design is the transverse reinforcing struts at the front and rear axle that are integrated into the bodyshell structure. The sections connect the side members precisely where the highest forces act upon the bodyshell under dynamic cornering. The advantages of this sophisticated solution include unrivalled transverse rigidity and the absence of heavy secondary stiffening or supports.
Passive safety of the very highest calibre
Naturally, the aluminium spaceframe meets all the requirements in terms of passive safety and the hallmark Mercedes-Benz body quality that applies to any car sporting the Mercedes star. The best possible passive safety for the occupants is ensured by the standard-fit three-point seat belts, belt tensioners, belt force limiters and eight airbags: two adaptive airbags and a kneebag each are available for the driver and passenger. Two sidebags integrated into the seats and two separate windowbags that deploy from the door waistline are also available.
Fine-tuned AMG 6.3-litre V8 engine developing 420 kW/571 hp
A powerful eight-cylinder engine manufactured by Mercedes-AMG forms the heart of the new SLS. The fine-tuned 6.3-litre V8 engine develops 420 kW/571 hp at 6800 rpm, turning the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG into one of the most powerful sports cars in its segment. A power-to-weight ratio of 2.84 kg/hp comes courtesy of the low vehicle weight. The naturally aspirated engine delivers maximum torque of 650 Nm at 4750 rpm. The 'Gullwing' accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in 3.8 seconds, before going on to a top speed electronically limited to 317 km/h (all figures are provisional). Bearing the internal designation M 159, the V8 high-revving engine with its displacement of 6208 cubic centimetres has been thoroughly reengineered compared with the M 156 entry-level engine and boasts all the hallmarks of powerful racing engines.

The principal measures in increasing output include the all-new intake system, the reworked valve train and camshafts, the use of flow-optimised tubular steel headers and the de-throttling of the exhaust system. This results in much better cylinder charging, which feeds through into an increase in output of almost nine percent. The eight-cylinder engine responds swiftly to movements of the accelerator pedal, demonstrating much more pronounced high-revving flexibility across the entire rev range. The switch to dry sump lubrication also translates into a much lower position of the engine in the vehicle. And lowering the vehicle's centre of gravity has also paved the way for high lateral acceleration and exhilarating driving dynamics.
Perfect synthesis of lightweight design and strength
The use of high-strength components compensates for the increased engine load associated with the higher output. Forged pistons, a reinforced crankshaft bearing, optimised crankcase structure, along with improved lubrication thanks to an on‑demand high-performance oil pump ensure optimum durability. Despite these higher loads, the engine weight for the M 159 has been further reduced. The forged pistons as oscillating masses play a particularly valuable role in this respect, resulting in a kerb weight of 205 kilograms and, in turn, a power-to-weight ratio of 0.36 kg/hp - an unrivalled figure compared with the competition. Sophisticated catalytic converter technology enables current and future exhaust emission standards such as EU 5, LEV 2 and ULEV to be met.
A match for demanding fuel consumption targets
Despite its uncompromisingly sporty character, the demanding fuel consumption targets have been met. The Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG consumes 13.2 litres per 100 kilometres (combined, provisional figure), earning it a place at the top of the competitor rankings. Efficiency-enhancing measures include the familiar AMG-exclusive, friction-optimised twin-wire-arc-sprayed coating on the cylinder walls as well as the on-demand, map-optimised oil supply and intelligent generator management: during the engine's overrun phases and braking, kinetic energy is used to charge the battery, rather than being wasted by simply generating heat. This recuperation assists the driver not only during braking action but also helps convert the braking energy into electrical energy. Conversely, the generator is switched to no-load operation during acceleration, thus reducing the load on the engine.

A new AMG SPEEDSHIFT DCT 7-speed sports transmission takes care of power transfer. The dual-clutch transmission boasts fast gear changes with no loss of tractive force - in as little as 100 milliseconds. The driver has a choice of four different driving modes: "C" (Controlled Efficiency), "S" (Sport), "S+" (Sport plus) or "M" (Manual) along with a RACESTART function. In the Sport, Sport plus and Manual modes the automatic double-declutching function is active; all the modes can be selected conveniently via the rotary control in the AMG DRIVE UNIT. Optimum traction comes courtesy of the mechanical differential lock, which is integrated in the compact transmission casing.

Sophisticated suspension layout with double-wishbone axles
The chosen solution with a front-mid engine plus transaxle configuration ensures an ideal front/rear weight distribution of 47 to 53 percent. Mounting the engine behind the front axle has created the ideal conditions for consummate driving dynamics with precise steering, first-class agility, low inertia with spontaneous directional changes and outstanding traction. The commitment of Mercedes-Benz and AMG to building an alluring super sports car that combines consummate racetrack performance with hallmark Mercedes long-distance comfort has given rise to an ingenious suspension layout. All four wheels are located on double wishbones with a track rod, a technology that has proven itself in motor racing, right through to Formula 1. With a double-wishbone axle, the wheel location and suspension function remain separate; the spring/damper struts are supported on the lower wishbone. The double-wishbone concept with its high camber and track rigidity positively locates the wheel with minimal elastic movements, providing the driver with an optimum sense of road contact when driving at the limits.

Wishbones, steering knuckles and hub carriers at the front and rear are made entirely from forged aluminium - substantially reducing the unsprung masses; this configuration also notably improves the suspension response. The long wheelbase of 2680 millimetres not only results in outstanding straight-line stability but also low wheel load shifts, significantly reducing the vehicle's tendency to dive and squat. The broad track width - front 1682, rear 1653 millimetres - ensures lower shifts in the wheel loads from the inner to the outer wheel when cornering, enabling the tyres to retain more grip. The large caster angle of 11.5 degrees significantly increases negative wheel camber when cornering and also improves tyre grip - this also ensures outstanding stability when braking heavily while cornering.
Direct steering, differential lock and 3-stage ESP®
The rack-and-pinion steering gear provides a consistently direct steering feel with a constant mechanical ratio of 13.6:1, in tune with the high expectations placed on a super sports car. The power steering provides speed-sensitive assistance and improves the feedback for the driver as the road speed increases: an indispensable factor for high-speed straight-line driving. Mounting the steering gear in front of the engine on the integral subframe enables the engine to be set down very low. The 'Gullwing' comes with 3-stage ESP® as standard, providing the driver with access to the three "ESP ON", "ESP SPORT" and "ESP OFF" modes at the push of a button. The result is even more driving pleasure without compromising active safety at all. In "ESP OFF" mode too, operating the brake pedal restores all the normal ESP® functions.
The system's traction logic of the acceleration skid control system (ASR) is active in all three ESP®modes. If one of the drive wheels starts to spin, specific brake pressure is applied to improve traction notably - especially in conjunction with the standard-fit mechanical multi-disc limited-slip differential. This means that the engine power is transferred to the road even more effectively when driving in a particularly dynamic style.
Ceramic composite brakes, innovative flow-forming wheels
The AMG high-performance braking system with composite brake discs at the front ensures extremely short stopping distances even under enormous loads. The newly developed, optional ceramic composite brakes with larger brake discs guarantee even better brake performance. The ceramic brake discs will perform reliably at even higher operating temperatures thanks to their greater hardness, all combined with an impressive weight reduction of around 40 percent. Reducing the unsprung masses has further optimised the handling of the 'Gullwing' - which pays dividends particularly when tackling fast bends on motorways.

Lightweight construction was also key when it came to the wheels: weight-optimised AMG light-alloy wheels - 9.5 x 19 inch (front) and 11.0 x 20 inch (rear) - based on the innovative flow-forming principle reduce the unsprung masses while increasing driving dynamics and suspension comfort. In addition to the standard-fit AMG 7-spoke light-alloy wheels, 5-twin-spoke wheels and 10-spoke forged wheels are available as an option. 265/35 R 19 (front) and 295/30 R 20 (rear) tyres developed exclusively for the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG ensure optimum performance. A tyre pressure monitoring system is fitted as standard to permanently monitor tyre pressure in all four wheels; individual tyres are shown on the display.

Dual-clutch transmission with transaxle configuration and torque tube
The AMG 6.3-litre V8 engine delivers its abundant power via an ultra-light carbon-fibre driveshaft at the rear axle - similar to the set-up used on the DTM C-Class racing touring car. The dual-clutch transmission is mounted at the rear (transaxle principle) and is connected to the engine housing via a torque tube. A carbon-fibre shaft rotates at engine speed in the torque tube. The advantages of this sophisticated solution are associated with the rigid link between the engine and trans-mission and, in turn, the optimum support for the forces and torque generated.

Technical specifications:
Engine No. of cylinders/arrangement: 8/V, 4 valves per cylinderDisplacement: 6208 ccBore x stroke: 102.2 x 94.6 mmRated power output: 571 hp (420 kW) at 6800 rpmRated torque: 650 Nm at 4750 rpmCompression ratio: 11.3 : 1Mixture preparation: Microprocessor-controlled fuel injection, HFMPower transmission Drive: Standard driveTransmissions: AMG SPEEDSHIFT DCT seven-speed sports transmissionRatios Final drive: 3.671st gear: 3.402nd gear: 2.193rd gear: 1.634th gear: 1.295th gear: 1.036th gear: 0.847th gear: 0.72Reverse: -2.79

Chassis and suspension:
Front axle: Aluminium double wishbone suspension, anti-dive, coil springs, gas-filled shock absorbers, stabiliser
Rear axle: Aluminium double wishbone suspension, anti-squat and anti-dive systems, coil springs, gas-filled shock absorbers, stabiliser
Braking system: Composite disc brakes, internally ventilated and perforated at the front; disc brakes, internally ventilated and perforated at the rear; electric rear parking brake; ABS; Brake Assist; 3-stage ESP®
Steering: Rack-and-pinion power steering with parameter function, steering damper
Wheels: Front: 9.5 J x 19; rear: 11 J x 20
Tyres: Front: 265/35 R 19; rear: 295/30 R 20
Dimensions and weights
Wheelbase: 2680 mm
Tread front/rear: 1682/1653 mm
Overall length: 4638 mm
Overall width: 1939 mm
Overall height: 1262 mm
Turning circle: 11.9 m
Boot capacity: 176 l
Kerb weight acc. to DIN Kg: 1620 kg
Payload (basis ready-to-drive according to EC): 240 kg
Perm. gross vehicle weight: 1935 lg
Tank capacity/incl. reserve: 85/14 l
Performance and fuel consumption
Acceleration 0-62 mph (0-100km/h): 3.8 s
Top speed: 200 mph / 317 km/h (electronically limited)
Fuel consumption NEDC comb.: 21.4 mpg
CO2 emissions: 314 g/km

Audi R8 V10 5.2 FSI quattro Review.

2010-07-09T17:21:00.000-07:00

Audi R8 V10 5.2 FSI quattro is the next variant of its top-of-the-line model. With the Audi R8, the brand has established itself at the forefront of high-end sports cars from the very start - and now comes the Audi R8 V10. Its 5.2-liter, ten-cylinder engine churns out 386 kW (525 hp) and 530 Nm (390.91 lb-ft) of torque, which makes for breathtaking performance. With superior Audi technologies such as quattro all-wheel drive, the lightweight aluminum body, the innovative all-LED headlights, and its striking design, the Audi R8 V10 takes pole position against the competition.

The Audi R8 V10 is the result of cumulative know-how from Audi's string of Le Mans victories. Its naturally aspirated engine combines racing technology such as dry sump lubrication with FSI gasoline direct injection. The ten-cylinder design is the perfect synthesis for impressive top performance, mighty pulling power, and low weight. Starting in 2009, this engine will also prove its potential on the world's racetracks - in the new Audi R8 GT3 racing car Audi is developing for customer teams in conformance with the GT3 rules.
The V10 engine in the production sports car will be almost identical in construction to the one in the racing version. Its displacement is 5,204 cc, at 6,500 rpm it delivers 530 Nm (390.91 lb-ft) of torque, at 8,000 rpm its power tops out at 386 kW (525 hp).

The specific power output is 100.9 hp per liter of displacement - and each hp has to propel only 3.09 kilograms (6.91 lb) of weight, because the Audi R8 V10 in the version with the six-speed manual gearshift weighs only 1,620 kilograms (3571 lb). The engine accounts for 258 of these kilograms (569 lb) - that's only 31 kilos (68 lb) more than the V8.
The Audi R8 V10 5.2 FSI quattro rockets from zero to 100 km/h (62.14 mph) in 3.9 seconds. In the version with the sequentially shifting R tronic it reaches 200 km/h (124.27 mph) in another 8.1 seconds. Even then its propulsive power hardly lessens: it's sufficient to reach a top speed of 316 km/h (196.35 mph). The immense force, the spontaneity and the thrust of the acceleration, plus the sound of the engine - all these impressions coalesce into a breathtaking sports car experience. The V10 plays a concert with growling bass tones and powerful high notes, which grows into a grandiose fortissimo as the engine revs up. This sonorous acceleration doesn't reach its limit until 8,700 rpm.
The 5.2-liter powerplant uses direct injection according to the FSI principle developed by Audi. A common rail system injects the fuel into the combustion chambers with up to 120 bar of pressure. Direct injection reduces the susceptibility to knocking and provides a certain amount of cooling through the evaporation of the fuel, which in turn supports a high compression ratio of 12.5:1. This in turn contributes to superior performance and improves fuel economy. The Audi R8 V10 with R tronic gets by on an average of 13.7 liters per 100 km (17.17 US mpg).

For maximum dynamics: low center of gravity engine
The technical refinements of the long-stroke ten-cylinder engine include dry sump lubrication, which allows the engine to be mounted low within the chassis. The wide cylinder angle of 90 degrees also makes for a low center of gravity. The crankcase is a high-strength aluminum-alloy casting produced in a complex process. The connecting rods are made of forged steel, the pistons of aluminum. The four camshafts are chain-driven and each is adjustable through 42 degrees. This provides great latitude in controlling the valve timing. In combination with the straight, flow-optimized ducts of the intake manifold, this improves the charge throughout the entire speed range.
The Audi R8 V10 5.2 FSI quattro has a six-speed transmission. A precise and smooth-shifting manual transmission comes as standard equipment. The sequential R tronic is available as an option. The high-tech gearshift conveys an authentic racing feel - with the rocker switches at the steering wheel and the short shifting times of usually less than one-tenth of a second. When the driver actuates the Launch Control program by pressing a button, the Audi R8 V10 takes off in a vehement quick-start with electronically controlled tire slip - both with the R tronic and with the manual transmission.
A contributing factor to the wide lead in traction and driving safety of the Audi R8 V10 over the competition is quattro all-wheel drive - it's the superior technology especially for a high-performance sports car. Four powered wheels get more grip than two. They enable the driver to step on the gas sooner when coming out of a curve. It's not only the traction that benefits, but also the transverse dynamics and the stability.
44 to 56 percent - the ideal axle load distribution
The Audi R8 chassis offers both dynamic performance and astonishing levels of comfort on long distances. This high-performance sports car from Audi eagerly responds to any steering action with instant ease, achieves lateral acceleration of up to 1.2 g, and handles any situation with superb driving safety. Its mid-engine design provides an ideal axle load distribution of 44 to 56 percent.
The wheel suspensions on dual aluminum wishbones front and rear - a classic racing technology - are optimized for neutral self-steering characteristics. Even more than in the eight-cylinder R8, this setup is designed for maximum performance. 19-inch wheels equipped with tire pressure monitoring display are standard equipment. Their 10-spoke Y design is exclusive to the Audi R8 V10. Tire sizes are 235/35 front and 295/30 rear.
The car features a high-end damper technology as standard: Audi magnetic ride adapts the characteristics of the suspension in milliseconds to the nature of the road surface and to the driving style. Suspended in the oil of the shock absorbers are tiny magnetic particles which, when a voltage is applied, rearrange themselves so as to slow down the flow of oil through the valves.
In the Audi R8 V10, deceleration is provided by an extremely muscular braking system - eight brake pistons at the front and four at the rear grasp the brake disks, which are ventilated and perforated to ensure unimpeded heat transfer. The brake disks on the front axle have a diameter of 380 millimeters (15 in); the rear discs span 356 millimeters (14 in).

The Audi R8 V10 5.2 FSI quattro is optionally available with a ceramic brake system whose disks are made of a composite material containing high-strength carbon fibers and abrasion-resistant silicon carbide. These are especially light: their combined weight is nine kilograms (19.84 lb) less than the weight of equivalent steel disks. The ceramic brakes can easily cope with the harsher requirements of racing, won't corrode, and have a typical service life of 300,000 kilometers (186,400 miles). Their calipers are painted charcoal gray and emblazoned with the inscription "Audi ceramic".
Typically Audi: Sharp lines and an elegantly curved roof
The wide, full shape of the Audi R8 V10 5.2 FSI quattro seems to hug the road. The brawny proportions and prominent wheel wells underscore its potential. The high-precision styling of the lines and the elegant curve of the roof are typical Audi features. A continuous contour optically connects the front, the wheel wells, the sides and the rear. Located well forward, the cab visually expresses the mid-engine design. The vertical air scoops (sideblades) on the sides are also indicative of the engine location. The massive aluminum gas cap is mounted flush within the right sideblade.
The design of the Audi R8 has already impressed experts, as evidenced by the double victory in the "World Car of the Year Awards 2008". In the ten-cylinder model, the styling has been sharpened up even more.
The front air inlets, which feed air to the coolers, and the lip of the front apron are painted in high-gloss black. The number of cross-braces has been reduced from four to two. The vanes of the single-frame grille have a striking chrome finish.
A very distinctive highlight of the Audi R8 V10 are the all-LED headlights as standard equipment. Audi is the world's first automaker to use LEDs for the high beam, low beam, daytime running lights, and turn signals. Each headlight integrates 54 of these high-tech light sources. With a color temperature of 6,000 Kelvin the LED light closely resembles daylight, which is less tiring to the eyes in night driving. Further advantages of the LEDs include brilliant illumination, low energy consumption, and a virtually unlimited service life.
Special details also distinguish the body of the Audi R8 V10. Its sideblades are more accentuated than in the eight-cylinder version. The side sills are more striking and wider; the exhaust grilles at the rear windows have a matt aluminum look. Through the large rear window, the ten-cylinder engine is clearly visible in its consummate technical beauty.
When in motion, this Audi high-performance sports car creates a downforce that keeps it in firm contact with the road - thanks to a rear spoiler which deploys automatically at 100 km/h and the fully enclosed underbody, which terminates in a sharply upward-curved diffuser. The dominant color at the rear end is high-gloss black, including the settings of the LED tail lights. The air outlets at the rear end also have only two cross-braces, and the exhaust system terminates in two large oval tailpipes.

Audi sets the example - in body weight and rigidity
The body of a sports car must be especially lightweight and rigid. Audi meets these requirements with the technology of the Audi Space Frame (ASF) and its high-tech aluminum construction. The body-in-white of the Audi R8 V10, which includes an engine frame made of ultra-light magnesium, weighs only 210 kilograms (463 lb), and the quality of its lightweight design - the relation of weight to torsional rigidity - is the best in the sports car segment. The body is composed of profile extrusions, sheet aluminum and very complex gusset castings, all held together by 99 meters (325 ft) of welding seams, 782 rivets, and 308 special screws.
The interior of the Audi R8 V10 provides a unique racing ambience at the luxury level. Its dominant element is the so-called monoposto - a wide arc that contains the steering wheel and the cockpit. As always in an Audi, the workmanship is of the highest quality. The surfaces of the dashboard and doors are lined with fine materials and adorned with precisely stitched decorative seams. Many customizing solutions are available: Audi supplies leather in a wide range of colors, packages with a carbon and piano-lacquer finish, or a made-to-measure luggage set. quattro GmbH, which has developed and is producing the Audi R8 V10, also provides solutions for unconventional requirements.
The great everyday utility of the Audi R8 V10 is based in part on its spacious interior made possible by the long wheelbase of 2.65 meters (8.69 ft). Drivers and passengers of any size will always find a perfect sitting position. Visibility too is surprisingly good. Slender hinge pillars optimize the obliquely forward field of view. Another advantage for convenient everyday use is the luggage space: 100 liters (3.53 cu ft) fit under the front hood, another 90 liters (3.18 cu ft) can be stowed behind the seats. There is also room for two golf bags.
The Audi R8 V10 5.2 FSI quattro combines its colossal performance with a generous complement of standard equipment. Highlights include heatable seat covers made of Fine Nappa leather, a driver information system, the navigation system plus and the Bang & Olufsen sound system along with deluxe automatic air conditioning and an alarm system. The instruments and the gearshift knob are decorated with red rings; the footrests and the rocker switches of the R tronic have an aluminum finish.
The list of options includes other highly attractive features - such as the Audi parking system advanced with its integrated rearview camera or numerous Audi exclusive customization options. Various leather packages provide a luxurious touch, while the bucket seats from the Audi exclusive program bring a highly concentrated racing atmosphere into the Audi R8 V10.

Powered by the sun, the plane that flew all day... and all night in 26-hour test.

2010-07-09T16:30:00.000-07:00

Touch down: Solar Impulse stands still after its first successful night flight attempt at Payerne airport. It landed at 8am after a flight of 26 hours and nine minutes, setting the longest and highest flight ever made by a solar plane.
A solar-powered plane yesterday completed a record-breaking 26-hour flight - paving the way for an aircraft that could potentially stay airborne for ever.The Solar Impulse, which flies using four propeller engines powered by solar panels on its huge wings, landed in Switzerland after an epic flight.It collects so much energy from the sun during the day that it can store electricity to power it through the night.Engineers behind the experimental single-seat aircraft, which circled Swiss airspace yesterday, are planning to fly it over the Atlantic and eventually around the world, claiming: 'We are now on the verge of perpetual flight.'

Solar Impulse's team chief Bertrand Piccard, left, and the team's CEO and pilot Andre Borschberg celebrate after successfully landing the at Payerne airport, Switzerland.
'Everybody is extremely happy. The night is quite long, so to see the first rays of dawn and the sun returning in the morning - that was a gift.'
The plane's wings are covered with solar panels housing thousands of cells designed to collect the energy of the sun's rays and power four electric motors driving wing-mounted propellers.
Clear blue skies meant the prototype aircraft could soak up plenty of solar energy as it flew over the Jura mountains to the west of the Swiss Alps.
But Mr Borschberg still kept within gliding range of his home runway and wore a parachute - just in case. He began cruising at 9,850ft (3,000m) in an attempt to avoid the turbulence and thermal winds that are frequent in the mountains.
He then took the Solar Impulse up to 27,900ft (8,500m) by Wednesday evening, at which point a decision was made to continue through the night using solar power stored in its batteries.
The pilot slowly descended to 4,920ft (1,500m) before midnight, where he stayed until his early-morning landing.

Pilot Andre Borschberg and his engineers on the ground cheered loudly as the plane clocked up 24 hours in the air shortly before 7am Swiss time yesterday.
Former fighter pilot Mr Borschberg then flew back to Payerne airfield, south-west of Bern, and touched down at 9am, 26 hours and nine minutes after he had taken off from the same runway.
It was the longest and highest flight in the history of solar aviation, and reached top speeds of 75mph

While he was airborne Mr Borschberg, 57, had to use all his skill to avoid lowlevel turbulence and thermal winds over Switzerland's mountains before enduring freezing conditions during the night.
He ended the test flight with a picture-perfect landing to cheers and whoops from hundreds of supporters on the ground as he eased the craft on to the runway.
Helpers rushed to stabilise the plane as it touched down to stop its massive wingspan scraping the ground and toppling over.
After touchdown Mr Borschberg said: 'It was unbelievable, success better than we expected. We almost thought to make it longer.
'But we demonstrated what we wanted to demonstrate so they made me come back. So here I am.' 'We achieved more than we wanted.

The propeller plane with its giant wingspan is powered by four electric motors and designed to fly round the clock.
The first 24-hour test flight proves that the aircraft can collect enough energy from the sun during the day to stay aloft indefinitely, because the solar panels began collecting energy again at dawn, team co-founder Bertrand Piccard said.
'The goal of the project is to have a solar-powered plane flying day and night without fuel,' he added.
After landing, Mr Borschberg embraced Mr Piccard before gingerly unstrapping himself from the bathtub-size cockpit in which he had spent more than a day.
'You land in a new era where people understand that with renewable energy you can do impossible things,' Mr Piccard told the pilot.
The project co-founder, who completed the first non-stop circumnavigation of the globe in a balloon, the Breitling Orbiter III, in 1999, said the next step will be an Atlantic crossing in a second, lighter prototype.
The team aims to fly around the world by 2012. Although the goal is to show that emissions-free air travel is possible, the team has said it does not see solar technology replacing conventional jet-powered planes any time soon.
Instead, the project is designed to test and promote new energy-efficient technologies.
Former NASA chief pilot Rogers E. Smith, one of the project's flight directors said: 'We ended up with perhaps 20 per cent more energy than we in the most optimistic way projected.'